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<h1 id="core-building-blocks">Core building blocks<a class="headerlink" href="#core-building-blocks" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>There are several core building blocks used in many places of the server.
These are described here.</p>
<h2 id="handlers">Handlers<a class="headerlink" href="#handlers" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>A very important building block that gets reused in many places is the <code>AsyncHandler</code>.
The idea is that a handler has 2 important functions.
<code>canHandle</code> determines if this class is capable of correctly handling the request,
and throws an error if it can not.
For example, a class that converts JSON-LD to turtle can handle all requests containing JSON-LD data,
but does not know what to do with a request that contains a JPEG.
The second function is <code>handle</code> where the class executes on the input data and returns the result.
If an error gets thrown here it means there is an issue with the input.
For example, if the input data claims to be JSON-LD but is actually not.</p>
<p>The power of using this interface really shines when using certain utility classes.
The one we use the most is the <code>WaterfallHandler</code>,
which takes as input a list of handlers of the same type.
The input and output of a <code>WaterfallHandler</code> is the same as those of its inputs,
meaning it can be used in the same places.
When doing a <code>canHandle</code> call, it will iterate over all its input handlers
to find the first one where the <code>canHandle</code> call succeeds,
and when calling <code>handle</code> it will return the result of that specific handler.
This allows us to chain together many handlers that each have their specific niche,
such as handler that each support a specific HTTP method (GET/PUT/POST/etc.),
or handlers that only take requests targeting a specific subset of URLs.
To the parent class it will look like it has a handler that supports all methods,
while in practice it will be a <code>WaterfallHandler</code> containing all these separate handlers.</p>
<p>Some other utility classes are the <code>ParallelHandler</code> that runs all handlers simultaneously,
and the <code>SequenceHandler</code> that runs all of them one after the other.
Since multiple handlers are executed here, these only work for handlers that have no output.</p>
<h2 id="streams">Streams<a class="headerlink" href="#streams" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Almost all data is handled in a streaming fashion.
This allows us to work with very large resources without having to fully load them in memory,
a client could be reading data that is being returned by the server while the server is still reading the file.
Internally this means we are mostly handling data as <code>Readable</code> objects.
We actually use <code>Guarded&lt;Readable&gt;</code> which is an internal format we created to help us with error handling.
Such streams can be created using utility functions such as <code>guardStream</code> and <code>guardedStreamFrom</code>.
Similarly, we have a <code>pipeSafely</code> to pipe streams in such a way that also helps with errors.</p>
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