bigchaindb/transaction.py
2016-10-24 14:43:20 +02:00

505 lines
21 KiB
Python

from copy import deepcopy
from functools import reduce
from operator import and_
from uuid import uuid4
from cryptoconditions import (
Fulfillment as CCFulfillment,
ThresholdSha256Fulfillment,
Ed25519Fulfillment,
)
from cryptoconditions.exceptions import ParsingError
from bigchaindb_common.crypto import (
SigningKey,
hash_data,
)
from bigchaindb_common.exceptions import (
KeypairMismatchException,
)
from bigchaindb_common.util import (
serialize,
gen_timestamp,
)
class Fulfillment(object):
def __init__(self, fulfillment, owners_before=None, tx_input=None):
"""Create a new fulfillment
Args:
# TODO: Write a description here
owners_before (Optional(list)): base58 encoded public key of the owners of the asset before this
transaction.
"""
# TODO: Check if `fulfillment` corresponds to `owners_before`, otherwise fail
self.fulfillment = fulfillment
if tx_input is not None and not isinstance(tx_input, TransactionLink):
raise TypeError('`tx_input` must be a TransactionLink instance')
else:
self.tx_input = tx_input
if not isinstance(owners_before, list):
raise TypeError('`owners_before` must be a list instance')
else:
self.owners_before = owners_before
def to_dict(self):
try:
# When we have signed the fulfillment, this will work
fulfillment = self.fulfillment.serialize_uri()
except TypeError:
fulfillment = None
try:
# NOTE: `self.tx_input` can be `None` and that's fine
tx_input = self.tx_input.to_dict()
except AttributeError:
tx_input = None
return {
'owners_before': self.owners_before,
'input': tx_input,
'fulfillment': fulfillment,
'details': self.fulfillment.to_dict(),
}
@classmethod
def gen_default(cls, owners_after):
"""Creates default fulfillments for transactions, depending on how many `owners_after` are supplied.
"""
if not isinstance(owners_after, list):
raise TypeError('`owners_after` must be a list instance')
else:
owners_after_count = len(owners_after)
if owners_after_count == 0:
# TODO: Replace this error with the logic for a hashlock condition
raise NotImplementedError('Hashlock conditions are not implemented in BigchainDB yet')
elif owners_after_count == 1:
return cls(Ed25519Fulfillment(public_key=owners_after[0]), owners_after)
else:
threshold_ffill = cls(ThresholdSha256Fulfillment(threshold=len(owners_after)), owners_after)
for owner_after in owners_after:
threshold_ffill.fulfillment.add_subfulfillment(Ed25519Fulfillment(public_key=owner_after))
return threshold_ffill
def gen_condition(self):
return Condition(self.fulfillment.condition_uri, self.owners_before)
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, ffill):
""" Serializes a BigchainDB 'jsonized' fulfillment back to a BigchainDB Fulfillment class.
"""
try:
fulfillment = CCFulfillment.from_uri(ffill['fulfillment'])
except TypeError:
fulfillment = CCFulfillment.from_dict(ffill['details'])
return cls(fulfillment, ffill['owners_before'], TransactionLink.from_dict(ffill['input']))
class TransactionLink(object):
# NOTE: In an IPLD implementation, this class is not necessary anymore, as an IPLD link can simply point to an
# object, as well as an objects properties. So instead of having a (de)serializable class, we can have a
# simple IPLD link of the form: `/<tx_id>/transaction/conditions/<cid>/`
def __init__(self, transaction_id=None, condition_id=None):
self.transaction_id = transaction_id
self.condition_id = condition_id
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, link):
try:
return cls(link['transaction_id'], link['condition_id'])
except TypeError:
return cls()
def to_dict(self):
if self.transaction_id is None and self.condition_id is None:
return None
else:
return {
'transaction_id': self.transaction_id,
'condition_id': self.condition_id,
}
class Condition(object):
def __init__(self, condition_uri, owners_after=None):
# TODO: Add more description
"""Create a new condition for a fulfillment
Args
owners_after (Optional(list)): base58 encoded public key of the owner of the digital asset after
this transaction.
"""
# TODO: Check if `condition_uri` corresponds to `owners_after`, otherwise fail
self.condition_uri = condition_uri
if not isinstance(owners_after, list):
raise TypeError('`owners_after` must be a list instance')
else:
self.owners_after = owners_after
def to_dict(self):
return {
'owners_after': self.owners_after,
'condition': self.condition_uri,
}
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, cond):
""" Serializes a BigchainDB 'jsonized' condition back to a BigchainDB Condition class.
"""
return cls(cond['condition'], cond['owners_after'])
class Data(object):
def __init__(self, payload=None, payload_id=None):
self.payload_id = payload_id if payload_id is not None else self.to_hash()
if payload is not None and not isinstance(payload, dict):
raise TypeError('`payload` must be a dict instance or None')
else:
self.payload = payload
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, payload):
try:
return cls(payload['payload'], payload['hash'])
except TypeError:
return cls()
def to_dict(self):
if self.payload is None:
return None
else:
return {
'payload': self.payload,
'hash': str(self.payload_id),
}
def to_hash(self):
return uuid4()
class Transaction(object):
CREATE = 'CREATE'
TRANSFER = 'TRANSFER'
VERSION = 1
def __init__(self, operation, fulfillments=None, conditions=None, data=None, timestamp=None, version=None):
# TODO: Update this comment
"""Create a new transaction in memory
A transaction in BigchainDB is a transfer of a digital asset between two entities represented
by public keys.
Currently BigchainDB supports two types of operations:
`CREATE` - Only federation nodes are allowed to use this operation. In a create operation
a federation node creates a digital asset in BigchainDB and assigns that asset to a public
key. The owner of the private key can then decided to transfer this digital asset by using the
`transaction id` of the transaction as an input in a `TRANSFER` transaction.
`TRANSFER` - A transfer operation allows for a transfer of the digital assets between entities.
If a transaction is initialized with the inputs being `None` a `operation` `CREATE` is
chosen. Otherwise the transaction is of `operation` `TRANSFER`.
Args:
# TODO: Write a description here
fulfillments
conditions
operation
data (Optional[dict]): dictionary with information about asset.
Raises:
TypeError: if the optional ``data`` argument is not a ``dict``.
# TODO: Incorporate this text somewhere better in the docs of this class
Some use cases for this class:
1. Create a new `CREATE` transaction:
- This means `inputs` is empty
2. Create a new `TRANSFER` transaction:
- This means `inputs` is a filled list (one to multiple transactions)
3. Written transactions must be managed somehow in the user's program: use `from_dict`
"""
self.timestamp = timestamp if timestamp is not None else gen_timestamp()
self.version = version if version is not None else Transaction.VERSION
if operation is not Transaction.CREATE and operation is not Transaction.TRANSFER:
raise TypeError('`operation` must be either CREATE or TRANSFER')
else:
self.operation = operation
if conditions is not None and not isinstance(conditions, list):
raise TypeError('`conditions` must be a list instance or None')
elif conditions is None:
self.conditions = []
else:
self.conditions = conditions
if fulfillments is not None and not isinstance(fulfillments, list):
raise TypeError('`fulfillments` must be a list instance or None')
elif fulfillments is None:
self.fulfillments = []
else:
self.fulfillments = fulfillments
if data is not None and not isinstance(data, Data):
raise TypeError('`data` must be a Data instance or None')
else:
self.data = data
def add_fulfillment(self, fulfillment):
if fulfillment is not None and not isinstance(fulfillment, Fulfillment):
raise TypeError('`fulfillment` must be a Fulfillment instance or None')
else:
self.fulfillments.append(fulfillment)
def add_condition(self, condition):
if condition is not None and not isinstance(condition, Condition):
raise TypeError('`condition` must be a Condition instance or None')
else:
self.conditions.append(condition)
# TODO: This shouldn't be in the base of the Transaction class, but rather only for the client implementation,
# since for example the Transaction class in BigchainDB doesn't have to sign transactions.
def sign(self, private_keys):
""" Signs a transaction
Acts as a proxy for `_sign_fulfillments`, for exposing a nicer API to the outside.
"""
self._sign_fulfillments(private_keys)
return self
# TODO: This shouldn't be in the base of the Transaction class, but rather only for the client implementation,
# since for example the Transaction class in BigchainDB doesn't have to sign transactions.
def _sign_fulfillments(self, private_keys):
if private_keys is None or not isinstance(private_keys, list):
raise TypeError('`private_keys` must be a list instance')
# Generate public keys from private keys and match them in a dictionary:
# key: public_key
# value: private_key
def gen_public_key(private_key):
# TODO FOR CC: Adjust interface so that this function becomes unnecessary
return private_key.get_verifying_key().to_ascii().decode()
key_pairs = {gen_public_key(SigningKey(private_key)): SigningKey(private_key) for private_key in private_keys}
# TODO: The condition for a transfer-tx will come from an input
for fulfillment, condition in zip(self.fulfillments, self.conditions):
# NOTE: We clone the current transaction but only add the condition and fulfillment we're currently
# working on plus all previously signed ones.
tx_partial = Transaction(self.operation, [fulfillment], [condition], self.data, self.timestamp,
self.version)
self._sign_fulfillment(fulfillment, str(tx_partial), key_pairs)
# TODO: This shouldn't be in the base of the Transaction class, but rather only for the client implementation,
# since for example the Transaction class in BigchainDB doesn't have to sign transactions.
def _sign_fulfillment(self, fulfillment, tx_serialized, key_pairs):
if isinstance(fulfillment.fulfillment, Ed25519Fulfillment):
self._sign_simple_signature_fulfillment(fulfillment, tx_serialized, key_pairs)
elif isinstance(fulfillment.fulfillment, ThresholdSha256Fulfillment):
self._sign_threshold_signature_fulfillment(fulfillment, tx_serialized, key_pairs)
# TODO: This shouldn't be in the base of the Transaction class, but rather only for the client implementation,
# since for example the Transaction class in BigchainDB doesn't have to sign transactions.
def _sign_simple_signature_fulfillment(self, fulfillment, tx_serialized, key_pairs):
# TODO: Update comment
"""Fulfill a cryptoconditions.Ed25519Fulfillment
Args:
fulfillment (dict): BigchainDB fulfillment to fulfill.
parsed_fulfillment (cryptoconditions.Ed25519Fulfillment): cryptoconditions.Ed25519Fulfillment instance.
fulfillment_message (dict): message to sign.
key_pairs (dict): dictionary of (public_key, private_key) pairs.
Returns:
object: fulfilled cryptoconditions.Ed25519Fulfillment
"""
owner_before = fulfillment.owners_before[0]
try:
# NOTE: By signing the CC fulfillment here directly, we're changing the transactions's fulfillment by
# reference, and that's good :)
fulfillment.fulfillment.sign(tx_serialized, key_pairs[owner_before])
except KeyError:
raise KeypairMismatchException('Public key {} is not a pair to any of the private keys'
.format(owner_before))
# TODO: This shouldn't be in the base of the Transaction class, but rather only for the client implementation,
# since for example the Transaction class in BigchainDB doesn't have to sign transactions.
def _sign_threshold_signature_fulfillment(self, fulfillment, tx_serialized, key_pairs):
# TODO: Update comment
"""Fulfill a cryptoconditions.ThresholdSha256Fulfillment
Args:
fulfillment (dict): BigchainDB fulfillment to fulfill.
parsed_fulfillment (ThresholdSha256Fulfillment): ThresholdSha256Fulfillment instance.
fulfillment_message (dict): message to sign.
key_pairs (dict): dictionary of (public_key, private_key) pairs.
Returns:
object: fulfilled cryptoconditions.ThresholdSha256Fulfillment
"""
for owner_before in fulfillment.owners_before:
try:
# TODO: CC should throw a KeypairMismatchException, instead of our manual mapping here
# TODO FOR CC: Naming wise this is not so smart, `get_subcondition` in fact doesn't return a condition
# but a fulfillment:(
# TODO FOR CC: `get_subcondition` is singular. One would not expect to get a list back.
subfulfillment = fulfillment.fulfillment.get_subcondition_from_vk(owner_before)[0]
except IndexError:
raise KeypairMismatchException('Public key {} cannot be found in the fulfillment'
.format(owner_before))
try:
private_key = key_pairs[owner_before]
except KeyError:
raise KeypairMismatchException('Public key {} is not a pair to any of the private keys'
.format(owner_before))
subfulfillment.sign(tx_serialized, private_key)
def fulfillments_valid(self, input_condition_uris=None):
# TODO: Update Comment
"""Verify the signature of a transaction
A valid transaction should have been signed `current_owner` corresponding private key.
Args:
signed_transaction (dict): a transaction with the `signature` included.
Returns:
bool: True if the signature is correct, False otherwise.
"""
if not isinstance(input_condition_uris, list) and input_condition_uris is not None:
raise TypeError('`input_condition_uris` must be list instance')
elif input_condition_uris is None:
input_condition_uris = []
input_condition_uris_count = len(input_condition_uris)
fulfillments_count = len(self.fulfillments)
conditions_count = len(self.conditions)
def gen_tx(fulfillment, condition, input_condition_uris=None):
return Transaction(self.operation, [fulfillment], [condition], self.data, self.timestamp,
self.version).fulfillments_valid(input_condition_uris)
if self.operation is Transaction.CREATE:
if not fulfillments_count == conditions_count:
raise ValueError('Fulfillments, conditions must have the same count')
elif fulfillments_count > 1 and conditions_count > 1:
return reduce(and_, map(gen_tx, self.fulfillments, self.conditions))
else:
return self._fulfillment_valid()
elif self.operation is Transaction.TRANSFER:
if not fulfillments_count == conditions_count == input_condition_uris_count:
raise ValueError('Fulfillments, conditions and input_condition_uris must have the same count')
elif fulfillments_count > 1 and conditions_count > 1 and input_condition_uris > 1:
return reduce(and_, map(gen_tx, self.fulfillments, self.conditions, input_condition_uris))
else:
return self._fulfillment_valid(input_condition_uris.pop())
else:
raise TypeError('`operation` must be either `Transaction.TRANSFER` or `Transaction.CREATE`')
def _fulfillment_valid(self, input_condition_uri=None):
# NOTE: We're always taking the first fulfillment, as this method is called recursively.
# See: `fulfillments_valid`
fulfillment = self.fulfillments[0]
try:
parsed_fulfillment = CCFulfillment.from_uri(fulfillment.fulfillment.serialize_uri())
except (TypeError, ValueError, ParsingError):
return False
if self.operation == Transaction.CREATE:
input_condition_valid = True
else:
# NOTE: When passing a `TRANSFER` transaction for validation, we check if it's valid by validating its
# input condition (taken from previous transaction) against the current fulfillment.
input_condition_valid = input_condition_uri == fulfillment.fulfillment.condition_uri
tx_serialized = Transaction._to_str(Transaction._remove_signatures(self.to_dict()))
# NOTE: We pass a timestamp to `.validate`, as in case of a timeout condition we'll have to validate against
# it.
return parsed_fulfillment.validate(message=tx_serialized, now=gen_timestamp()) and input_condition_valid
def transfer(self, conditions):
return Transaction(Transaction.TRANSFER, self._fulfillments_as_inputs(), conditions)
def _fulfillments_as_inputs(self):
return [Fulfillment(ffill.fulfillment,
ffill.owners_before,
TransactionLink(self.to_hash(), fulfillment_id))
for fulfillment_id, ffill in enumerate(self.fulfillments)]
def to_dict(self):
try:
data = self.data.to_dict()
except AttributeError:
# NOTE: data can be None and that's OK
data = None
tx_body = {
'fulfillments': [fulfillment.to_dict() for fulfillment in self.fulfillments],
'conditions': [condition.to_dict() for condition in self.conditions],
'operation': str(self.operation),
'timestamp': self.timestamp,
'data': data,
}
tx = {
'version': self.version,
'transaction': tx_body,
}
tx_id = Transaction._to_hash(Transaction._to_str(Transaction._remove_signatures(tx)))
tx['id'] = tx_id
return tx
@staticmethod
def _remove_signatures(tx_dict):
# NOTE: We remove the reference since we need `tx_dict` only for the transaction's hash
tx_dict = deepcopy(tx_dict)
for fulfillment in tx_dict['transaction']['fulfillments']:
# NOTE: Not all Cryptoconditions return a `signature` key (e.g. ThresholdSha256Fulfillment), so setting it
# to `None` in any case could yield incorrect signatures. This is why we only set it to `None` if
# it's set in the dict.
if 'signature' in fulfillment['details']:
fulfillment['details']['signature'] = None
fulfillment['fulfillment'] = None
try:
for subfulfillment in fulfillment['details']['subfulfillments']:
subfulfillment['signature'] = None
except KeyError:
pass
return tx_dict
@staticmethod
def _to_hash(value):
return hash_data(value)
def to_hash(self):
return self.to_dict()['id']
@staticmethod
def _to_str(value):
return serialize(value)
def __str__(self):
return Transaction._to_str(self.to_dict())
@classmethod
def from_dict(cls, tx_body):
tx = tx_body['transaction']
return cls(tx['operation'], [Fulfillment.from_dict(fulfillment) for fulfillment in tx['fulfillments']],
[Condition.from_dict(condition) for condition in tx['conditions']], Data.from_dict(tx['data']),
tx['timestamp'], tx_body['version'])