diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yaml b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
index de637a2e9..a041c5ca9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
@@ -4,11 +4,8 @@ on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -24,9 +21,11 @@ jobs:
           - linux-s390x
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
           TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml b/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml
index 24df887ea..22741e3e9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/contrib.yaml
@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ name: Test contrib/mixin
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
index 298668e72..0abb8bb93 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yaml
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@ name: Coverage
 on: [push]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   coverage:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -15,9 +12,11 @@ jobs:
           - linux-amd64-coverage
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
           TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml b/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml
index 85e8a1891..c6539b603 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64.yaml
@@ -5,13 +5,10 @@ on:
     - cron: '0 1 * * *' # runs daily at 1am.
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     # this is to prevent the job to run at forked projects
     if: github.repository == 'etcd-io/etcd'
     runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, ARM64]
-    needs: goversion
     container: golang:1.19-bullseye
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -25,10 +22,11 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
       # https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1169
       - run: git config --system --add safe.directory '*'
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-      - run: date
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
           TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml b/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
index ec7750819..bbf31b687 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@ name: E2E
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
@@ -16,10 +13,11 @@ jobs:
           - linux-386-e2e
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-      - run: date
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
           TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
index 7fa3d8a15..e6042b8fb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/fuzzing.yaml
@@ -3,20 +3,19 @@ name: Fuzzing v3rpc
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   fuzzing:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
     env:
       TARGET_PATH: ./server/etcdserver/api/v3rpc
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/go-version.yaml b/.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index ff4d3ba8a..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Go version setup
-permissions: read-all
-
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    outputs:
-      goversion:
-        value: ${{ jobs.version.outputs.goversion }}
-
-jobs:
-  version:
-    name: Set Go version variable for all the workflows
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      goversion: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
-      - id: goversion
-        run: |
-          GO_VERSION=$(cat .go-version)
-          echo "Go Version: $GO_VERSION"
-          echo "goversion=$GO_VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
diff --git a/.github/workflows/govuln.yaml b/.github/workflows/govuln.yaml
index 8ce995e41..ebf0281e7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/govuln.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/govuln.yaml
@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ name: Go Vulnerability Checker
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - run: date
       - run: |
           set -euo pipefail
diff --git a/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml b/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
index 6c7cdced3..cc7222aac 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@ name: grpcProxy-tests
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
@@ -16,10 +13,11 @@ jobs:
           - linux-amd64-grpcproxy-e2e
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-      - run: date
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
           TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yaml b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
index 1d2e3f380..bd244e7c6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ name: Release
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   main:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - name: release
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
diff --git a/.github/workflows/robustness-template-arm64.yaml b/.github/workflows/robustness-template-arm64.yaml
index 6a958a473..8df4ac7e6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/robustness-template-arm64.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/robustness-template-arm64.yaml
@@ -23,12 +23,9 @@ on:
 permissions: read-all
 
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     timeout-minutes: 210
     runs-on: ${{ fromJson(inputs.runs-on) }}
-    needs: goversion
     container: golang:1.19-bullseye
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -37,9 +34,11 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
       # https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1169
       - run: git config --system --add safe.directory '*'
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - name: test-robustness
         env:
           ETCD_BRANCH: "${{ inputs.etcdBranch }}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
index 2af1900c5..a15350f94 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
@@ -22,17 +22,16 @@ on:
         default: "['ubuntu-latest']"
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     timeout-minutes: 210
     runs-on: ${{ fromJson(inputs.runs-on) }}
-    needs: goversion
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - name: test-robustness
         env:
           ETCD_BRANCH: "${{ inputs.etcdBranch }}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yaml b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yaml
index af4753b0b..05d35e1db 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/static-analysis.yaml
@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@ name: Static Analysis
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   run:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - name: golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@5f1fec7010f6ae3b84ea4f7b2129beb8639b564f # v3.5.0
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests-arm64.yaml b/.github/workflows/tests-arm64.yaml
index 704e838ba..30dfe2375 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests-arm64.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests-arm64.yaml
@@ -5,13 +5,10 @@ on:
     - cron: '30 1 * * *' # runs daily at 1:30 am.
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     # this is to prevent the job to run at forked projects
     if: github.repository == 'etcd-io/etcd'
     runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, ARM64]
-    needs: goversion
     container: golang:1.19-bullseye
     defaults:
       run:
@@ -28,10 +25,11 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
       # https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1169
       - run: git config --system --add safe.directory '*'
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-      - run: date
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
           TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
index e91bdaad9..705e53a80 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@ name: Tests
 on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions: read-all
 jobs:
-  goversion:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/go-version.yaml
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: goversion
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -19,10 +16,11 @@ jobs:
           - linux-386-unit-1-cpu
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # v3.5.2
+      - id: goversion
+        run: echo "goversion=$(cat .go-version)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@fac708d6674e30b6ba41289acaab6d4b75aa0753 # v4.0.1
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ needs.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
-      - run: date
+          go-version: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.goversion }}
       - env:
           TARGET: ${{ matrix.target }}
         run: |