diff --git a/raft/log.go b/raft/log.go
index f9ed4dc5d..342d8f4ce 100644
--- a/raft/log.go
+++ b/raft/log.go
@@ -167,6 +167,11 @@ func (l *raftLog) hasNextEnts() bool {
 	return l.committed+1 > off
 }
 
+// hasPendingSnapshot returns if there is pending snapshot waiting for applying.
+func (l *raftLog) hasPendingSnapshot() bool {
+	return l.unstable.snapshot != nil && !IsEmptySnap(*l.unstable.snapshot)
+}
+
 func (l *raftLog) snapshot() (pb.Snapshot, error) {
 	if l.unstable.snapshot != nil {
 		return *l.unstable.snapshot, nil
diff --git a/raft/raft.go b/raft/raft.go
index 39f4481b1..2c065186b 100644
--- a/raft/raft.go
+++ b/raft/raft.go
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ func (r *raft) hup(t CampaignType) {
 	}
 
 	if !r.promotable() {
-		r.logger.Warningf("%x is unpromotable and can not campaign; ignoring MsgHup", r.id)
+		r.logger.Warningf("%x is unpromotable and can not campaign", r.id)
 		return
 	}
 	ents, err := r.raftLog.slice(r.raftLog.applied+1, r.raftLog.committed+1, noLimit)
@@ -1349,15 +1349,11 @@ func stepFollower(r *raft, m pb.Message) error {
 		m.To = r.lead
 		r.send(m)
 	case pb.MsgTimeoutNow:
-		if r.promotable() {
-			r.logger.Infof("%x [term %d] received MsgTimeoutNow from %x and starts an election to get leadership.", r.id, r.Term, m.From)
-			// Leadership transfers never use pre-vote even if r.preVote is true; we
-			// know we are not recovering from a partition so there is no need for the
-			// extra round trip.
-			r.hup(campaignTransfer)
-		} else {
-			r.logger.Infof("%x received MsgTimeoutNow from %x but is not promotable", r.id, m.From)
-		}
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [term %d] received MsgTimeoutNow from %x and starts an election to get leadership.", r.id, r.Term, m.From)
+		// Leadership transfers never use pre-vote even if r.preVote is true; we
+		// know we are not recovering from a partition so there is no need for the
+		// extra round trip.
+		r.hup(campaignTransfer)
 	case pb.MsgReadIndex:
 		if r.lead == None {
 			r.logger.Infof("%x no leader at term %d; dropping index reading msg", r.id, r.Term)
@@ -1494,7 +1490,7 @@ func (r *raft) restore(s pb.Snapshot) bool {
 // which is true when its own id is in progress list.
 func (r *raft) promotable() bool {
 	pr := r.prs.Progress[r.id]
-	return pr != nil && !pr.IsLearner
+	return pr != nil && !pr.IsLearner && !r.raftLog.hasPendingSnapshot()
 }
 
 func (r *raft) applyConfChange(cc pb.ConfChangeV2) pb.ConfState {
diff --git a/raft/raft_test.go b/raft/raft_test.go
index ad70b6592..7cd849b23 100644
--- a/raft/raft_test.go
+++ b/raft/raft_test.go
@@ -2751,6 +2751,13 @@ func TestRestore(t *testing.T) {
 	if ok := sm.restore(s); ok {
 		t.Fatal("restore succeed, want fail")
 	}
+	// It should not campaign before actually applying data.
+	for i := 0; i < sm.randomizedElectionTimeout; i++ {
+		sm.tick()
+	}
+	if sm.state != StateFollower {
+		t.Errorf("state = %d, want %d", sm.state, StateFollower)
+	}
 }
 
 // TestRestoreWithLearner restores a snapshot which contains learners.
@@ -2865,10 +2872,14 @@ func TestLearnerReceiveSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	n1 := newTestLearnerRaft(1, []uint64{1}, []uint64{2}, 10, 1, NewMemoryStorage())
+	store := NewMemoryStorage()
+	n1 := newTestLearnerRaft(1, []uint64{1}, []uint64{2}, 10, 1, store)
 	n2 := newTestLearnerRaft(2, []uint64{1}, []uint64{2}, 10, 1, NewMemoryStorage())
 
 	n1.restore(s)
+	ready := newReady(n1, &SoftState{}, pb.HardState{})
+	store.ApplySnapshot(ready.Snapshot)
+	n1.advance(ready)
 
 	// Force set n1 appplied index.
 	n1.raftLog.appliedTo(n1.raftLog.committed)
@@ -3495,10 +3506,31 @@ func TestLeaderTransferAfterSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("node 1 has match %x for node 3, want %x", lead.prs.Progress[3].Match, 1)
 	}
 
+	filtered := pb.Message{}
+	// Snapshot needs to be applied before sending MsgAppResp
+	nt.msgHook = func(m pb.Message) bool {
+		if m.Type != pb.MsgAppResp || m.From != 3 || m.Reject {
+			return true
+		}
+		filtered = m
+		return false
+	}
 	// Transfer leadership to 3 when node 3 is lack of snapshot.
 	nt.send(pb.Message{From: 3, To: 1, Type: pb.MsgTransferLeader})
-	// Send pb.MsgHeartbeatResp to leader to trigger a snapshot for node 3.
-	nt.send(pb.Message{From: 3, To: 1, Type: pb.MsgHeartbeatResp})
+	if lead.state != StateLeader {
+		t.Fatalf("node 1 should still be leader as snapshot is not applied, got %x", lead.state)
+	}
+	if reflect.DeepEqual(filtered, pb.Message{}) {
+		t.Fatalf("Follower should report snapshot progress automatically.")
+	}
+
+	// Apply snapshot and resume progress
+	follower := nt.peers[3].(*raft)
+	ready := newReady(follower, &SoftState{}, pb.HardState{})
+	nt.storage[3].ApplySnapshot(ready.Snapshot)
+	follower.advance(ready)
+	nt.msgHook = nil
+	nt.send(filtered)
 
 	checkLeaderTransferState(t, lead, StateFollower, 3)
 }
diff --git a/raft/rawnode.go b/raft/rawnode.go
index 2dffc066c..a056e7206 100644
--- a/raft/rawnode.go
+++ b/raft/rawnode.go
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func (rn *RawNode) HasReady() bool {
 	if hardSt := r.hardState(); !IsEmptyHardState(hardSt) && !isHardStateEqual(hardSt, rn.prevHardSt) {
 		return true
 	}
-	if r.raftLog.unstable.snapshot != nil && !IsEmptySnap(*r.raftLog.unstable.snapshot) {
+	if r.raftLog.hasPendingSnapshot() {
 		return true
 	}
 	if len(r.msgs) > 0 || len(r.raftLog.unstableEntries()) > 0 || r.raftLog.hasNextEnts() {