diff --git a/server/go.mod b/server/go.mod
index 0af58699b..548a738c4 100644
--- a/server/go.mod
+++ b/server/go.mod
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.19.0
diff --git a/server/storage/backend/batch_tx.go b/server/storage/backend/batch_tx.go
index 60be4ce6d..c62d2af86 100644
--- a/server/storage/backend/batch_tx.go
+++ b/server/storage/backend/batch_tx.go
@@ -288,7 +288,8 @@ func (t *batchTx) commit(stop bool) {
 
 type batchTxBuffered struct {
 	batchTx
-	buf txWriteBuffer
+	buf                     txWriteBuffer
+	pendingDeleteOperations int
 }
 
 func newBatchTxBuffered(backend *backend) *batchTxBuffered {
@@ -310,7 +311,27 @@ func (t *batchTxBuffered) Unlock() {
 		t.buf.writeback(&t.backend.readTx.buf)
 		// gofail: var afterWritebackBuf struct{}
 		t.backend.readTx.Unlock()
-		if t.pending >= t.backend.batchLimit {
+		// We commit the transaction when the number of pending operations
+		// reaches the configured limit(batchLimit) to prevent it from
+		// becoming excessively large.
+		//
+		// But we also need to commit the transaction immediately if there
+		// is any pending deleting operation, otherwise etcd might run into
+		// a situation that it haven't finished committing the data into backend
+		// storage (note: etcd periodically commits the bbolt transactions
+		// instead of on each request) when it applies next request. Accordingly,
+		// etcd may still read the stale data from bbolt when processing next
+		// request. So it breaks the linearizability.
+		//
+		// Note we don't need to commit the transaction for put requests if
+		// it doesn't exceed the batch limit, because there is a buffer on top
+		// of the bbolt. Each time when etcd reads data from backend storage,
+		// it will read data from both bbolt and the buffer. But there is no
+		// such a buffer for delete requests.
+		//
+		// Please also refer to
+		// https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/pull/17119#issuecomment-1857547158
+		if t.pending >= t.backend.batchLimit || t.pendingDeleteOperations > 0 {
 			t.commit(false)
 		}
 	}
@@ -356,6 +377,7 @@ func (t *batchTxBuffered) unsafeCommit(stop bool) {
 	}
 
 	t.batchTx.commit(stop)
+	t.pendingDeleteOperations = 0
 
 	if !stop {
 		t.backend.readTx.tx = t.backend.begin(false)
@@ -371,3 +393,13 @@ func (t *batchTxBuffered) UnsafeSeqPut(bucket Bucket, key []byte, value []byte)
 	t.batchTx.UnsafeSeqPut(bucket, key, value)
 	t.buf.putSeq(bucket, key, value)
 }
+
+func (t *batchTxBuffered) UnsafeDelete(bucketType Bucket, key []byte) {
+	t.batchTx.UnsafeDelete(bucketType, key)
+	t.pendingDeleteOperations++
+}
+
+func (t *batchTxBuffered) UnsafeDeleteBucket(bucket Bucket) {
+	t.batchTx.UnsafeDeleteBucket(bucket)
+	t.pendingDeleteOperations++
+}
diff --git a/server/storage/backend/batch_tx_test.go b/server/storage/backend/batch_tx_test.go
index 6fd2bbae6..cc099d1f9 100644
--- a/server/storage/backend/batch_tx_test.go
+++ b/server/storage/backend/batch_tx_test.go
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+
 	bolt "go.etcd.io/bbolt"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/storage/backend"
 	betesting "go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/storage/backend/testing"
@@ -205,3 +207,90 @@ func TestBatchTxBatchLimitCommit(t *testing.T) {
 		return nil
 	})
 }
+
+func TestRangeAfterDeleteBucketMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	b, _ := betesting.NewTmpBackend(t, time.Hour, 10000)
+	defer betesting.Close(t, b)
+
+	tx := b.BatchTx()
+
+	tx.Lock()
+	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(schema.Test)
+	tx.UnsafePut(schema.Test, []byte("foo"), []byte("bar"))
+	tx.Unlock()
+	tx.Commit()
+
+	checkForEach(t, b.BatchTx(), b.ReadTx(), [][]byte{[]byte("foo")}, [][]byte{[]byte("bar")})
+
+	tx.Lock()
+	tx.UnsafeDeleteBucket(schema.Test)
+	tx.Unlock()
+
+	checkForEach(t, b.BatchTx(), b.ReadTx(), nil, nil)
+}
+
+func TestRangeAfterDeleteMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	b, _ := betesting.NewTmpBackend(t, time.Hour, 10000)
+	defer betesting.Close(t, b)
+
+	tx := b.BatchTx()
+
+	tx.Lock()
+	tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(schema.Test)
+	tx.UnsafePut(schema.Test, []byte("foo"), []byte("bar"))
+	tx.Unlock()
+	tx.Commit()
+
+	checkRangeResponseMatch(t, b.BatchTx(), b.ReadTx(), []byte("foo"), nil, 0)
+	checkForEach(t, b.BatchTx(), b.ReadTx(), [][]byte{[]byte("foo")}, [][]byte{[]byte("bar")})
+
+	tx.Lock()
+	tx.UnsafeDelete(schema.Test, []byte("foo"))
+	tx.Unlock()
+
+	checkRangeResponseMatch(t, b.BatchTx(), b.ReadTx(), []byte("foo"), nil, 0)
+	checkForEach(t, b.BatchTx(), b.ReadTx(), nil, nil)
+}
+
+func checkRangeResponseMatch(t *testing.T, tx backend.BatchTx, rtx backend.ReadTx, key, endKey []byte, limit int64) {
+	tx.Lock()
+	ks1, vs1 := tx.UnsafeRange(schema.Test, key, endKey, limit)
+	tx.Unlock()
+
+	rtx.RLock()
+	ks2, vs2 := rtx.UnsafeRange(schema.Test, key, endKey, limit)
+	rtx.RUnlock()
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(ks1, ks2); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("keys on read and batch transaction doesn't match, diff: %s", diff)
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(vs1, vs2); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("values on read and batch transaction doesn't match, diff: %s", diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func checkForEach(t *testing.T, tx backend.BatchTx, rtx backend.ReadTx, expectedKeys, expectedValues [][]byte) {
+	tx.Lock()
+	checkUnsafeForEach(t, tx, expectedKeys, expectedValues)
+	tx.Unlock()
+
+	rtx.RLock()
+	checkUnsafeForEach(t, rtx, expectedKeys, expectedValues)
+	rtx.RUnlock()
+}
+
+func checkUnsafeForEach(t *testing.T, tx backend.UnsafeReader, expectedKeys, expectedValues [][]byte) {
+	var ks, vs [][]byte
+	tx.UnsafeForEach(schema.Test, func(k, v []byte) error {
+		ks = append(ks, k)
+		vs = append(vs, v)
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(ks, expectedKeys); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("keys on transaction doesn't match expected, diff: %s", diff)
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(vs, expectedValues); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("values on transaction doesn't match expected, diff: %s", diff)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go b/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go
index b34212e79..9d50321ca 100644
--- a/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go
+++ b/tests/framework/integration/cluster.go
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ type ClusterConfig struct {
 	AuthToken    string
 	AuthTokenTTL uint
 
-	QuotaBackendBytes int64
+	QuotaBackendBytes    int64
+	BackendBatchInterval time.Duration
 
 	MaxTxnOps              uint
 	MaxRequestBytes        uint
@@ -271,6 +272,7 @@ func (c *Cluster) mustNewMember(t testutil.TB) *Member {
 			PeerTLS:                             c.Cfg.PeerTLS,
 			ClientTLS:                           c.Cfg.ClientTLS,
 			QuotaBackendBytes:                   c.Cfg.QuotaBackendBytes,
+			BackendBatchInterval:                c.Cfg.BackendBatchInterval,
 			MaxTxnOps:                           c.Cfg.MaxTxnOps,
 			MaxRequestBytes:                     c.Cfg.MaxRequestBytes,
 			SnapshotCount:                       c.Cfg.SnapshotCount,
@@ -598,6 +600,7 @@ type MemberConfig struct {
 	AuthToken                   string
 	AuthTokenTTL                uint
 	QuotaBackendBytes           int64
+	BackendBatchInterval        time.Duration
 	MaxTxnOps                   uint
 	MaxRequestBytes             uint
 	SnapshotCount               uint64
@@ -671,6 +674,7 @@ func MustNewMember(t testutil.TB, mcfg MemberConfig) *Member {
 	m.TickMs = uint(framecfg.TickDuration / time.Millisecond)
 	m.PreVote = true
 	m.QuotaBackendBytes = mcfg.QuotaBackendBytes
+	m.BackendBatchInterval = mcfg.BackendBatchInterval
 	m.MaxTxnOps = mcfg.MaxTxnOps
 	if m.MaxTxnOps == 0 {
 		m.MaxTxnOps = embed.DefaultMaxTxnOps
diff --git a/tests/integration/clientv3/user_test.go b/tests/integration/clientv3/user_test.go
index a6698d32e..49b4c18ea 100644
--- a/tests/integration/clientv3/user_test.go
+++ b/tests/integration/clientv3/user_test.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3/v3rpc/rpctypes"
@@ -55,6 +56,56 @@ func TestUserError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAddUserAfterDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	integration2.BeforeTest(t)
+
+	clus := integration2.NewCluster(t, &integration2.ClusterConfig{Size: 1})
+	defer clus.Terminate(t)
+
+	authapi := clus.RandClient()
+	authSetupRoot(t, authapi.Auth)
+	cfg := clientv3.Config{
+		Endpoints:   authapi.Endpoints(),
+		DialTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+		DialOptions: []grpc.DialOption{grpc.WithBlock()},
+	}
+	cfg.Username, cfg.Password = "root", "123"
+	authed, err := integration2.NewClient(t, cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer authed.Close()
+
+	// add user
+	_, err = authed.UserAdd(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = authapi.Authenticate(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// delete user
+	_, err = authed.UserDelete(context.TODO(), "foo")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if _, err = authed.Authenticate(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar"); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expect Authenticate error for old password")
+	}
+	// add user back
+	_, err = authed.UserAdd(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = authed.Authenticate(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// change password
+	_, err = authed.UserChangePassword(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = authed.UserChangePassword(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	if _, err = authed.Authenticate(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar"); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expect Authenticate error for old password")
+	}
+	if _, err = authed.Authenticate(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar2"); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expect Authenticate error for old password")
+	}
+	_, err = authed.Authenticate(context.TODO(), "foo", "bar1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestUserErrorAuth(t *testing.T) {
 	integration2.BeforeTest(t)
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/member_test.go b/tests/integration/member_test.go
index 6581b654b..efd6598f6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/member_test.go
+++ b/tests/integration/member_test.go
@@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/etcdserver"
+	"go.etcd.io/etcd/server/v3/storage/schema"
 	"go.etcd.io/etcd/tests/v3/framework/integration"
 )
 
@@ -115,3 +119,30 @@ func TestSnapshotAndRestartMember(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRemoveMember(t *testing.T) {
+	integration.BeforeTest(t)
+	c := integration.NewCluster(t, &integration.ClusterConfig{Size: 3, UseBridge: true, BackendBatchInterval: 1000 * time.Second})
+	defer c.Terminate(t)
+	// membership changes additionally require cluster to be stable for etcdserver.HealthInterval
+	time.Sleep(etcdserver.HealthInterval)
+
+	err := c.RemoveMember(t, c.Client(2), uint64(c.Members[0].ID()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	checkMemberCount(t, c.Members[0], 2)
+	checkMemberCount(t, c.Members[1], 2)
+}
+
+func checkMemberCount(t *testing.T, m *integration.Member, expectedMemberCount int) {
+	be := schema.NewMembershipBackend(m.Logger, m.Server.Backend())
+	membersFromBackend, _ := be.MustReadMembersFromBackend()
+	if len(membersFromBackend) != expectedMemberCount {
+		t.Errorf("Expect member count read from backend=%d, got %d", expectedMemberCount, len(membersFromBackend))
+	}
+	membersResp, err := m.Client.MemberList(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if len(membersResp.Members) != expectedMemberCount {
+		t.Errorf("Expect len(MemberList)=%d, got %d", expectedMemberCount, len(membersResp.Members))
+	}
+}