diff --git a/raft/log.go b/raft/log.go
index 280d03112..e171d36ea 100644
--- a/raft/log.go
+++ b/raft/log.go
@@ -36,16 +36,19 @@ type raftLog struct {
 	// been instructed to apply to its state machine.
 	// Invariant: applied <= committed
 	applied uint64
+
+	logger Logger
 }
 
 // newLog returns log using the given storage. It recovers the log to the state
 // that it just commits and applies the latest snapshot.
-func newLog(storage Storage) *raftLog {
+func newLog(storage Storage, logger Logger) *raftLog {
 	if storage == nil {
 		log.Panic("storage must not be nil")
 	}
 	log := &raftLog{
 		storage: storage,
+		logger:  logger,
 	}
 	firstIndex, err := storage.FirstIndex()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ func newLog(storage Storage) *raftLog {
 		panic(err) // TODO(bdarnell)
 	}
 	log.unstable.offset = lastIndex + 1
+	log.unstable.logger = logger
 	// Initialize our committed and applied pointers to the time of the last compaction.
 	log.committed = firstIndex - 1
 	log.applied = firstIndex - 1
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) maybeAppend(index, logTerm, committed uint64, ents ...pb.Entry
 		switch {
 		case ci == 0:
 		case ci <= l.committed:
-			raftLogger.Panicf("entry %d conflict with committed entry [committed(%d)]", ci, l.committed)
+			l.logger.Panicf("entry %d conflict with committed entry [committed(%d)]", ci, l.committed)
 		default:
 			offset := index + 1
 			l.append(ents[ci-offset:]...)
@@ -92,7 +96,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) append(ents ...pb.Entry) uint64 {
 		return l.lastIndex()
 	}
 	if after := ents[0].Index - 1; after < l.committed {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("after(%d) is out of range [committed(%d)]", after, l.committed)
+		l.logger.Panicf("after(%d) is out of range [committed(%d)]", after, l.committed)
 	}
 	l.unstable.truncateAndAppend(ents)
 	return l.lastIndex()
@@ -113,8 +117,8 @@ func (l *raftLog) findConflict(ents []pb.Entry) uint64 {
 	for _, ne := range ents {
 		if !l.matchTerm(ne.Index, ne.Term) {
 			if ne.Index <= l.lastIndex() {
-				raftLogger.Infof("found conflict at index %d [existing term: %d, conflicting term: %d]",
-					ne.Index, zeroTermOnErrCompacted(l.term(ne.Index)), ne.Term)
+				l.logger.Infof("found conflict at index %d [existing term: %d, conflicting term: %d]",
+					ne.Index, l.zeroTermOnErrCompacted(l.term(ne.Index)), ne.Term)
 			}
 			return ne.Index
 		}
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) nextEnts() (ents []pb.Entry) {
 	if l.committed+1 > off {
 		ents, err := l.slice(off, l.committed+1, noLimit)
 		if err != nil {
-			raftLogger.Panicf("unexpected error when getting unapplied entries (%v)", err)
+			l.logger.Panicf("unexpected error when getting unapplied entries (%v)", err)
 		}
 		return ents
 	}
@@ -177,7 +181,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) commitTo(tocommit uint64) {
 	// never decrease commit
 	if l.committed < tocommit {
 		if l.lastIndex() < tocommit {
-			raftLogger.Panicf("tocommit(%d) is out of range [lastIndex(%d)]", tocommit, l.lastIndex())
+			l.logger.Panicf("tocommit(%d) is out of range [lastIndex(%d)]", tocommit, l.lastIndex())
 		}
 		l.committed = tocommit
 	}
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) appliedTo(i uint64) {
 		return
 	}
 	if l.committed < i || i < l.applied {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("applied(%d) is out of range [prevApplied(%d), committed(%d)]", i, l.applied, l.committed)
+		l.logger.Panicf("applied(%d) is out of range [prevApplied(%d), committed(%d)]", i, l.applied, l.committed)
 	}
 	l.applied = i
 }
@@ -200,7 +204,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) stableSnapTo(i uint64) { l.unstable.stableSnapTo(i) }
 func (l *raftLog) lastTerm() uint64 {
 	t, err := l.term(l.lastIndex())
 	if err != nil {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("unexpected error when getting the last term (%v)", err)
+		l.logger.Panicf("unexpected error when getting the last term (%v)", err)
 	}
 	return t
 }
@@ -266,7 +270,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) matchTerm(i, term uint64) bool {
 }
 
 func (l *raftLog) maybeCommit(maxIndex, term uint64) bool {
-	if maxIndex > l.committed && zeroTermOnErrCompacted(l.term(maxIndex)) == term {
+	if maxIndex > l.committed && l.zeroTermOnErrCompacted(l.term(maxIndex)) == term {
 		l.commitTo(maxIndex)
 		return true
 	}
@@ -274,7 +278,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) maybeCommit(maxIndex, term uint64) bool {
 }
 
 func (l *raftLog) restore(s pb.Snapshot) {
-	raftLogger.Infof("log [%s] starts to restore snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]", l, s.Metadata.Index, s.Metadata.Term)
+	l.logger.Infof("log [%s] starts to restore snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]", l, s.Metadata.Index, s.Metadata.Term)
 	l.committed = s.Metadata.Index
 	l.unstable.restore(s)
 }
@@ -294,7 +298,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) slice(lo, hi, maxSize uint64) ([]pb.Entry, error) {
 		if err == ErrCompacted {
 			return nil, err
 		} else if err == ErrUnavailable {
-			raftLogger.Panicf("entries[%d:%d) is unavailable from storage", lo, min(hi, l.unstable.offset))
+			l.logger.Panicf("entries[%d:%d) is unavailable from storage", lo, min(hi, l.unstable.offset))
 		} else if err != nil {
 			panic(err) // TODO(bdarnell)
 		}
@@ -321,7 +325,7 @@ func (l *raftLog) slice(lo, hi, maxSize uint64) ([]pb.Entry, error) {
 // l.firstIndex <= lo <= hi <= l.firstIndex + len(l.entries)
 func (l *raftLog) mustCheckOutOfBounds(lo, hi uint64) error {
 	if lo > hi {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("invalid slice %d > %d", lo, hi)
+		l.logger.Panicf("invalid slice %d > %d", lo, hi)
 	}
 	fi := l.firstIndex()
 	if lo < fi {
@@ -330,18 +334,18 @@ func (l *raftLog) mustCheckOutOfBounds(lo, hi uint64) error {
 
 	length := l.lastIndex() - fi + 1
 	if lo < fi || hi > fi+length {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("slice[%d,%d) out of bound [%d,%d]", lo, hi, fi, l.lastIndex())
+		l.logger.Panicf("slice[%d,%d) out of bound [%d,%d]", lo, hi, fi, l.lastIndex())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func zeroTermOnErrCompacted(t uint64, err error) uint64 {
+func (l *raftLog) zeroTermOnErrCompacted(t uint64, err error) uint64 {
 	if err == nil {
 		return t
 	}
 	if err == ErrCompacted {
 		return 0
 	}
-	raftLogger.Panicf("unexpected error (%v)", err)
+	l.logger.Panicf("unexpected error (%v)", err)
 	return 0
 }
diff --git a/raft/log_test.go b/raft/log_test.go
index bd9d928aa..1b0590075 100644
--- a/raft/log_test.go
+++ b/raft/log_test.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func TestFindConflict(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for i, tt := range tests {
-		raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage())
+		raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage(), raftLogger)
 		raftLog.append(previousEnts...)
 
 		gconflict := raftLog.findConflict(tt.ents)
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func TestFindConflict(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIsUpToDate(t *testing.T) {
 	previousEnts := []pb.Entry{{Index: 1, Term: 1}, {Index: 2, Term: 2}, {Index: 3, Term: 3}}
-	raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage())
+	raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage(), raftLogger)
 	raftLog.append(previousEnts...)
 	tests := []struct {
 		lastIndex uint64
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tt := range tests {
 		storage := NewMemoryStorage()
 		storage.Append(previousEnts)
-		raftLog := newLog(storage)
+		raftLog := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 
 		index := raftLog.append(tt.ents...)
 		if index != tt.windex {
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func TestLogMaybeAppend(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for i, tt := range tests {
-		raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage())
+		raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage(), raftLogger)
 		raftLog.append(previousEnts...)
 		raftLog.committed = commit
 		func() {
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ func TestCompactionSideEffects(t *testing.T) {
 	for i = 1; i <= unstableIndex; i++ {
 		storage.Append([]pb.Entry{{Term: uint64(i), Index: uint64(i)}})
 	}
-	raftLog := newLog(storage)
+	raftLog := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 	for i = unstableIndex; i < lastIndex; i++ {
 		raftLog.append(pb.Entry{Term: uint64(i + 1), Index: uint64(i + 1)})
 	}
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ func TestNextEnts(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tt := range tests {
 		storage := NewMemoryStorage()
 		storage.ApplySnapshot(snap)
-		raftLog := newLog(storage)
+		raftLog := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 		raftLog.append(ents...)
 		raftLog.maybeCommit(5, 1)
 		raftLog.appliedTo(tt.applied)
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ func TestUnstableEnts(t *testing.T) {
 		storage.Append(previousEnts[:tt.unstable-1])
 
 		// append unstable entries to raftlog
-		raftLog := newLog(storage)
+		raftLog := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 		raftLog.append(previousEnts[tt.unstable-1:]...)
 
 		ents := raftLog.unstableEntries()
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ func TestCommitTo(t *testing.T) {
 					}
 				}
 			}()
-			raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage())
+			raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage(), raftLogger)
 			raftLog.append(previousEnts...)
 			raftLog.committed = commit
 			raftLog.commitTo(tt.commit)
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ func TestStableTo(t *testing.T) {
 		{3, 1, 1}, // bad index
 	}
 	for i, tt := range tests {
-		raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage())
+		raftLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage(), raftLogger)
 		raftLog.append([]pb.Entry{{Index: 1, Term: 1}, {Index: 2, Term: 2}}...)
 		raftLog.stableTo(tt.stablei, tt.stablet)
 		if raftLog.unstable.offset != tt.wunstable {
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ func TestStableToWithSnap(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, tt := range tests {
 		s := NewMemoryStorage()
 		s.ApplySnapshot(pb.Snapshot{Metadata: pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: snapi, Term: snapt}})
-		raftLog := newLog(s)
+		raftLog := newLog(s, raftLogger)
 		raftLog.append(tt.newEnts...)
 		raftLog.stableTo(tt.stablei, tt.stablet)
 		if raftLog.unstable.offset != tt.wunstable {
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ func TestCompaction(t *testing.T) {
 			for i := uint64(1); i <= tt.lastIndex; i++ {
 				storage.Append([]pb.Entry{{Index: i}})
 			}
-			raftLog := newLog(storage)
+			raftLog := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 			raftLog.maybeCommit(tt.lastIndex, 0)
 			raftLog.appliedTo(raftLog.committed)
 
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ func TestLogRestore(t *testing.T) {
 	snap := pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: index, Term: term}
 	storage := NewMemoryStorage()
 	storage.ApplySnapshot(pb.Snapshot{Metadata: snap})
-	raftLog := newLog(storage)
+	raftLog := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 
 	if len(raftLog.allEntries()) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("len = %d, want 0", len(raftLog.allEntries()))
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ func TestLogRestore(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("committed = %d, want %d", raftLog.committed, index)
 	}
 	if raftLog.unstable.offset != index+1 {
-		t.Errorf("unstable = %d, want %d", raftLog.unstable, index+1)
+		t.Errorf("unstable = %d, want %d", raftLog.unstable.offset, index+1)
 	}
 	if mustTerm(raftLog.term(index)) != term {
 		t.Errorf("term = %d, want %d", mustTerm(raftLog.term(index)), term)
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ func TestIsOutOfBounds(t *testing.T) {
 	num := uint64(100)
 	storage := NewMemoryStorage()
 	storage.ApplySnapshot(pb.Snapshot{Metadata: pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: offset}})
-	l := newLog(storage)
+	l := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 	for i := uint64(1); i <= num; i++ {
 		l.append(pb.Entry{Index: i + offset})
 	}
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ func TestTerm(t *testing.T) {
 
 	storage := NewMemoryStorage()
 	storage.ApplySnapshot(pb.Snapshot{Metadata: pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: offset, Term: 1}})
-	l := newLog(storage)
+	l := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 	for i = 1; i < num; i++ {
 		l.append(pb.Entry{Index: offset + i, Term: i})
 	}
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ func TestTermWithUnstableSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
 
 	storage := NewMemoryStorage()
 	storage.ApplySnapshot(pb.Snapshot{Metadata: pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: storagesnapi, Term: 1}})
-	l := newLog(storage)
+	l := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 	l.restore(pb.Snapshot{Metadata: pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: unstablesnapi, Term: 1}})
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ func TestSlice(t *testing.T) {
 	for i = 1; i < num/2; i++ {
 		storage.Append([]pb.Entry{{Index: offset + i, Term: offset + i}})
 	}
-	l := newLog(storage)
+	l := newLog(storage, raftLogger)
 	for i = num / 2; i < num; i++ {
 		l.append(pb.Entry{Index: offset + i, Term: offset + i})
 	}
diff --git a/raft/log_unstable.go b/raft/log_unstable.go
index f0cc0ca74..7a1b2353d 100644
--- a/raft/log_unstable.go
+++ b/raft/log_unstable.go
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ type unstable struct {
 	// all entries that have not yet been written to storage.
 	entries []pb.Entry
 	offset  uint64
+
+	logger Logger
 }
 
 // maybeFirstIndex returns the index of the first possible entry in entries
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ func (u *unstable) truncateAndAppend(ents []pb.Entry) {
 		// directly append
 		u.entries = append(u.entries, ents...)
 	case after < u.offset:
-		raftLogger.Infof("replace the unstable entries from index %d", after+1)
+		u.logger.Infof("replace the unstable entries from index %d", after+1)
 		// The log is being truncated to before our current offset
 		// portion, so set the offset and replace the entries
 		u.offset = after + 1
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ func (u *unstable) truncateAndAppend(ents []pb.Entry) {
 	default:
 		// truncate to after and copy to u.entries
 		// then append
-		raftLogger.Infof("truncate the unstable entries to index %d", after)
+		u.logger.Infof("truncate the unstable entries to index %d", after)
 		u.entries = append([]pb.Entry{}, u.slice(u.offset, after+1)...)
 		u.entries = append(u.entries, ents...)
 	}
@@ -128,10 +130,10 @@ func (u *unstable) slice(lo uint64, hi uint64) []pb.Entry {
 // u.offset <= lo <= hi <= u.offset+len(u.offset)
 func (u *unstable) mustCheckOutOfBounds(lo, hi uint64) {
 	if lo > hi {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("invalid unstable.slice %d > %d", lo, hi)
+		u.logger.Panicf("invalid unstable.slice %d > %d", lo, hi)
 	}
 	upper := u.offset + uint64(len(u.entries))
 	if lo < u.offset || hi > upper {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("unstable.slice[%d,%d) out of bound [%d,%d]", lo, hi, u.offset, upper)
+		u.logger.Panicf("unstable.slice[%d,%d) out of bound [%d,%d]", lo, hi, u.offset, upper)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/raft/log_unstable_test.go b/raft/log_unstable_test.go
index 8aac9de9c..8012795ec 100644
--- a/raft/log_unstable_test.go
+++ b/raft/log_unstable_test.go
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ func TestUnstableMaybeFirstIndex(t *testing.T) {
 			entries:  tt.entries,
 			offset:   tt.offset,
 			snapshot: tt.snap,
+			logger:   raftLogger,
 		}
 		index, ok := u.maybeFirstIndex()
 		if ok != tt.wok {
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ func TestMaybeLastIndex(t *testing.T) {
 			entries:  tt.entries,
 			offset:   tt.offset,
 			snapshot: tt.snap,
+			logger:   raftLogger,
 		}
 		index, ok := u.maybeLastIndex()
 		if ok != tt.wok {
@@ -176,6 +178,7 @@ func TestUnstableMaybeTerm(t *testing.T) {
 			entries:  tt.entries,
 			offset:   tt.offset,
 			snapshot: tt.snap,
+			logger:   raftLogger,
 		}
 		term, ok := u.maybeTerm(tt.index)
 		if ok != tt.wok {
@@ -192,6 +195,7 @@ func TestUnstableRestore(t *testing.T) {
 		entries:  []pb.Entry{{Index: 5, Term: 1}},
 		offset:   5,
 		snapshot: &pb.Snapshot{Metadata: pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: 4, Term: 1}},
+		logger:   raftLogger,
 	}
 	s := pb.Snapshot{Metadata: pb.SnapshotMetadata{Index: 6, Term: 2}}
 	u.restore(s)
@@ -280,6 +284,7 @@ func TestUnstableStableTo(t *testing.T) {
 			entries:  tt.entries,
 			offset:   tt.offset,
 			snapshot: tt.snap,
+			logger:   raftLogger,
 		}
 		u.stableTo(tt.index, tt.term)
 		if u.offset != tt.woffset {
@@ -336,6 +341,7 @@ func TestUnstableTruncateAndAppend(t *testing.T) {
 			entries:  tt.entries,
 			offset:   tt.offset,
 			snapshot: tt.snap,
+			logger:   raftLogger,
 		}
 		u.truncateAndAppend(tt.toappend)
 		if u.offset != tt.woffset {
diff --git a/raft/raft.go b/raft/raft.go
index 0485182b5..e7f535feb 100644
--- a/raft/raft.go
+++ b/raft/raft.go
@@ -96,6 +96,11 @@ type Config struct {
 	// buffer over TCP/UDP. Setting MaxInflightMsgs to avoid overflowing that sending buffer.
 	// TODO (xiangli): feedback to application to limit the proposal rate?
 	MaxInflightMsgs int
+
+	// logger is the logger used for raft log. For multinode which
+	// can host multiple raft group, each raft group can have its
+	// own logger
+	Logger Logger
 }
 
 func (c *Config) validate() error {
@@ -119,6 +124,10 @@ func (c *Config) validate() error {
 		return errors.New("max inflight messages must be greater than 0")
 	}
 
+	if c.Logger == nil {
+		c.Logger = raftLogger
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -152,13 +161,15 @@ type raft struct {
 	rand             *rand.Rand
 	tick             func()
 	step             stepFunc
+
+	logger Logger
 }
 
 func newRaft(c *Config) *raft {
 	if err := c.validate(); err != nil {
 		panic(err.Error())
 	}
-	raftlog := newLog(c.Storage)
+	raftlog := newLog(c.Storage, c.Logger)
 	hs, cs, err := c.Storage.InitialState()
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err) // TODO(bdarnell)
@@ -185,6 +196,7 @@ func newRaft(c *Config) *raft {
 		prs:              make(map[uint64]*Progress),
 		electionTimeout:  c.ElectionTick,
 		heartbeatTimeout: c.HeartbeatTick,
+		logger:           c.Logger,
 	}
 	r.rand = rand.New(rand.NewSource(int64(c.ID)))
 	for _, p := range peers {
@@ -203,7 +215,7 @@ func newRaft(c *Config) *raft {
 		nodesStrs = append(nodesStrs, fmt.Sprintf("%x", n))
 	}
 
-	raftLogger.Infof("newRaft %x [peers: [%s], term: %d, commit: %d, applied: %d, lastindex: %d, lastterm: %d]",
+	r.logger.Infof("newRaft %x [peers: [%s], term: %d, commit: %d, applied: %d, lastindex: %d, lastterm: %d]",
 		r.id, strings.Join(nodesStrs, ","), r.Term, r.raftLog.committed, r.raftLog.applied, r.raftLog.lastIndex(), r.raftLog.lastTerm())
 	return r
 }
@@ -258,10 +270,10 @@ func (r *raft) sendAppend(to uint64) {
 		}
 		m.Snapshot = snapshot
 		sindex, sterm := snapshot.Metadata.Index, snapshot.Metadata.Term
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [firstindex: %d, commit: %d] sent snapshot[index: %d, term: %d] to %x [%s]",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [firstindex: %d, commit: %d] sent snapshot[index: %d, term: %d] to %x [%s]",
 			r.id, r.raftLog.firstIndex(), r.Commit, sindex, sterm, to, pr)
 		pr.becomeSnapshot(sindex)
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x paused sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, to, pr)
+		r.logger.Infof("%x paused sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, to, pr)
 	} else {
 		m.Type = pb.MsgApp
 		m.Index = pr.Next - 1
@@ -278,7 +290,7 @@ func (r *raft) sendAppend(to uint64) {
 			case ProgressStateProbe:
 				pr.pause()
 			default:
-				raftLogger.Panicf("%x is sending append in unhandled state %s", r.id, pr.State)
+				r.logger.Panicf("%x is sending append in unhandled state %s", r.id, pr.State)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -391,7 +403,7 @@ func (r *raft) becomeFollower(term uint64, lead uint64) {
 	r.tick = r.tickElection
 	r.lead = lead
 	r.state = StateFollower
-	raftLogger.Infof("%x became follower at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
+	r.logger.Infof("%x became follower at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
 }
 
 func (r *raft) becomeCandidate() {
@@ -404,7 +416,7 @@ func (r *raft) becomeCandidate() {
 	r.tick = r.tickElection
 	r.Vote = r.id
 	r.state = StateCandidate
-	raftLogger.Infof("%x became candidate at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
+	r.logger.Infof("%x became candidate at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
 }
 
 func (r *raft) becomeLeader() {
@@ -419,7 +431,7 @@ func (r *raft) becomeLeader() {
 	r.state = StateLeader
 	ents, err := r.raftLog.entries(r.raftLog.committed+1, noLimit)
 	if err != nil {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("unexpected error getting uncommitted entries (%v)", err)
+		r.logger.Panicf("unexpected error getting uncommitted entries (%v)", err)
 	}
 
 	for _, e := range ents {
@@ -432,7 +444,7 @@ func (r *raft) becomeLeader() {
 		r.pendingConf = true
 	}
 	r.appendEntry(pb.Entry{Data: nil})
-	raftLogger.Infof("%x became leader at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
+	r.logger.Infof("%x became leader at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
 }
 
 func (r *raft) campaign() {
@@ -445,7 +457,7 @@ func (r *raft) campaign() {
 		if i == r.id {
 			continue
 		}
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d] sent vote request to %x at term %d",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d] sent vote request to %x at term %d",
 			r.id, r.raftLog.lastTerm(), r.raftLog.lastIndex(), i, r.Term)
 		r.send(pb.Message{To: i, Type: pb.MsgVote, Index: r.raftLog.lastIndex(), LogTerm: r.raftLog.lastTerm()})
 	}
@@ -453,9 +465,9 @@ func (r *raft) campaign() {
 
 func (r *raft) poll(id uint64, v bool) (granted int) {
 	if v {
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x received vote from %x at term %d", r.id, id, r.Term)
+		r.logger.Infof("%x received vote from %x at term %d", r.id, id, r.Term)
 	} else {
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x received vote rejection from %x at term %d", r.id, id, r.Term)
+		r.logger.Infof("%x received vote rejection from %x at term %d", r.id, id, r.Term)
 	}
 	if _, ok := r.votes[id]; !ok {
 		r.votes[id] = v
@@ -470,7 +482,7 @@ func (r *raft) poll(id uint64, v bool) (granted int) {
 
 func (r *raft) Step(m pb.Message) error {
 	if m.Type == pb.MsgHup {
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x is starting a new election at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
+		r.logger.Infof("%x is starting a new election at term %d", r.id, r.Term)
 		r.campaign()
 		r.Commit = r.raftLog.committed
 		return nil
@@ -484,12 +496,12 @@ func (r *raft) Step(m pb.Message) error {
 		if m.Type == pb.MsgVote {
 			lead = None
 		}
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [term: %d] received a %s message with higher term from %x [term: %d]",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [term: %d] received a %s message with higher term from %x [term: %d]",
 			r.id, r.Term, m.Type, m.From, m.Term)
 		r.becomeFollower(m.Term, lead)
 	case m.Term < r.Term:
 		// ignore
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [term: %d] ignored a %s message with lower term from %x [term: %d]",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [term: %d] ignored a %s message with lower term from %x [term: %d]",
 			r.id, r.Term, m.Type, m.From, m.Term)
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -508,7 +520,7 @@ func stepLeader(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 		r.bcastHeartbeat()
 	case pb.MsgProp:
 		if len(m.Entries) == 0 {
-			raftLogger.Panicf("%x stepped empty MsgProp", r.id)
+			r.logger.Panicf("%x stepped empty MsgProp", r.id)
 		}
 		for i, e := range m.Entries {
 			if e.Type == pb.EntryConfChange {
@@ -522,10 +534,10 @@ func stepLeader(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 		r.bcastAppend()
 	case pb.MsgAppResp:
 		if m.Reject {
-			raftLogger.Debugf("%x received msgApp rejection(lastindex: %d) from %x for index %d",
+			r.logger.Debugf("%x received msgApp rejection(lastindex: %d) from %x for index %d",
 				r.id, m.RejectHint, m.From, m.Index)
 			if pr.maybeDecrTo(m.Index, m.RejectHint) {
-				raftLogger.Debugf("%x decreased progress of %x to [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
+				r.logger.Debugf("%x decreased progress of %x to [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
 				if pr.State == ProgressStateReplicate {
 					pr.becomeProbe()
 				}
@@ -538,7 +550,7 @@ func stepLeader(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 				case pr.State == ProgressStateProbe:
 					pr.becomeReplicate()
 				case pr.State == ProgressStateSnapshot && pr.maybeSnapshotAbort():
-					raftLogger.Infof("%x snapshot aborted, resumed sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
+					r.logger.Infof("%x snapshot aborted, resumed sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
 					pr.becomeProbe()
 				case pr.State == ProgressStateReplicate:
 					pr.ins.freeTo(m.Index)
@@ -562,7 +574,7 @@ func stepLeader(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 			r.sendAppend(m.From)
 		}
 	case pb.MsgVote:
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] rejected vote from %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %d",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] rejected vote from %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %d",
 			r.id, r.raftLog.lastTerm(), r.raftLog.lastIndex(), r.Vote, m.From, m.LogTerm, m.Index, r.Term)
 		r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgVoteResp, Reject: true})
 	case pb.MsgSnapStatus:
@@ -571,11 +583,11 @@ func stepLeader(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 		}
 		if !m.Reject {
 			pr.becomeProbe()
-			raftLogger.Infof("%x snapshot succeeded, resumed sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
+			r.logger.Infof("%x snapshot succeeded, resumed sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
 		} else {
 			pr.snapshotFailure()
 			pr.becomeProbe()
-			raftLogger.Infof("%x snapshot failed, resumed sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
+			r.logger.Infof("%x snapshot failed, resumed sending replication messages to %x [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
 		}
 		// If snapshot finish, wait for the msgAppResp from the remote node before sending
 		// out the next msgApp.
@@ -587,14 +599,14 @@ func stepLeader(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 		if pr.State == ProgressStateReplicate {
 			pr.becomeProbe()
 		}
-		raftLogger.Debugf("%x failed to send message to %x because it is unreachable [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
+		r.logger.Debugf("%x failed to send message to %x because it is unreachable [%s]", r.id, m.From, pr)
 	}
 }
 
 func stepCandidate(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 	switch m.Type {
 	case pb.MsgProp:
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x no leader at term %d; dropping proposal", r.id, r.Term)
+		r.logger.Infof("%x no leader at term %d; dropping proposal", r.id, r.Term)
 		return
 	case pb.MsgApp:
 		r.becomeFollower(r.Term, m.From)
@@ -606,12 +618,12 @@ func stepCandidate(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 		r.becomeFollower(m.Term, m.From)
 		r.handleSnapshot(m)
 	case pb.MsgVote:
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] rejected vote from %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %x",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] rejected vote from %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %x",
 			r.id, r.raftLog.lastTerm(), r.raftLog.lastIndex(), r.Vote, m.From, m.LogTerm, m.Index, r.Term)
 		r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgVoteResp, Reject: true})
 	case pb.MsgVoteResp:
 		gr := r.poll(m.From, !m.Reject)
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [q:%d] has received %d votes and %d vote rejections", r.id, r.q(), gr, len(r.votes)-gr)
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [q:%d] has received %d votes and %d vote rejections", r.id, r.q(), gr, len(r.votes)-gr)
 		switch r.q() {
 		case gr:
 			r.becomeLeader()
@@ -626,7 +638,7 @@ func stepFollower(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 	switch m.Type {
 	case pb.MsgProp:
 		if r.lead == None {
-			raftLogger.Infof("%x no leader at term %d; dropping proposal", r.id, r.Term)
+			r.logger.Infof("%x no leader at term %d; dropping proposal", r.id, r.Term)
 			return
 		}
 		m.To = r.lead
@@ -645,12 +657,12 @@ func stepFollower(r *raft, m pb.Message) {
 	case pb.MsgVote:
 		if (r.Vote == None || r.Vote == m.From) && r.raftLog.isUpToDate(m.Index, m.LogTerm) {
 			r.elapsed = 0
-			raftLogger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] voted for %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %d",
+			r.logger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] voted for %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %d",
 				r.id, r.raftLog.lastTerm(), r.raftLog.lastIndex(), r.Vote, m.From, m.LogTerm, m.Index, r.Term)
 			r.Vote = m.From
 			r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgVoteResp})
 		} else {
-			raftLogger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] rejected vote from %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %d",
+			r.logger.Infof("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d, vote: %x] rejected vote from %x [logterm: %d, index: %d] at term %d",
 				r.id, r.raftLog.lastTerm(), r.raftLog.lastIndex(), r.Vote, m.From, m.LogTerm, m.Index, r.Term)
 			r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgVoteResp, Reject: true})
 		}
@@ -666,8 +678,8 @@ func (r *raft) handleAppendEntries(m pb.Message) {
 	if mlastIndex, ok := r.raftLog.maybeAppend(m.Index, m.LogTerm, m.Commit, m.Entries...); ok {
 		r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgAppResp, Index: mlastIndex})
 	} else {
-		raftLogger.Debugf("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d] rejected msgApp [logterm: %d, index: %d] from %x",
-			r.id, zeroTermOnErrCompacted(r.raftLog.term(m.Index)), m.Index, m.LogTerm, m.Index, m.From)
+		r.logger.Debugf("%x [logterm: %d, index: %d] rejected msgApp [logterm: %d, index: %d] from %x",
+			r.id, r.raftLog.zeroTermOnErrCompacted(r.raftLog.term(m.Index)), m.Index, m.LogTerm, m.Index, m.From)
 		r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgAppResp, Index: m.Index, Reject: true, RejectHint: r.raftLog.lastIndex()})
 	}
 }
@@ -680,11 +692,11 @@ func (r *raft) handleHeartbeat(m pb.Message) {
 func (r *raft) handleSnapshot(m pb.Message) {
 	sindex, sterm := m.Snapshot.Metadata.Index, m.Snapshot.Metadata.Term
 	if r.restore(m.Snapshot) {
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [commit: %d] restored snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [commit: %d] restored snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
 			r.id, r.Commit, sindex, sterm)
 		r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgAppResp, Index: r.raftLog.lastIndex()})
 	} else {
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [commit: %d] ignored snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [commit: %d] ignored snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
 			r.id, r.Commit, sindex, sterm)
 		r.send(pb.Message{To: m.From, Type: pb.MsgAppResp, Index: r.raftLog.committed})
 	}
@@ -697,13 +709,13 @@ func (r *raft) restore(s pb.Snapshot) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 	if r.raftLog.matchTerm(s.Metadata.Index, s.Metadata.Term) {
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x [commit: %d, lastindex: %d, lastterm: %d] fast-forwarded commit to snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
+		r.logger.Infof("%x [commit: %d, lastindex: %d, lastterm: %d] fast-forwarded commit to snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
 			r.id, r.Commit, r.raftLog.lastIndex(), r.raftLog.lastTerm(), s.Metadata.Index, s.Metadata.Term)
 		r.raftLog.commitTo(s.Metadata.Index)
 		return false
 	}
 
-	raftLogger.Infof("%x [commit: %d, lastindex: %d, lastterm: %d] starts to restore snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
+	r.logger.Infof("%x [commit: %d, lastindex: %d, lastterm: %d] starts to restore snapshot [index: %d, term: %d]",
 		r.id, r.Commit, r.raftLog.lastIndex(), r.raftLog.lastTerm(), s.Metadata.Index, s.Metadata.Term)
 
 	r.raftLog.restore(s)
@@ -716,7 +728,7 @@ func (r *raft) restore(s pb.Snapshot) bool {
 			match = 0
 		}
 		r.setProgress(n, match, next)
-		raftLogger.Infof("%x restored progress of %x [%s]", r.id, n, r.prs[n])
+		r.logger.Infof("%x restored progress of %x [%s]", r.id, n, r.prs[n])
 	}
 	return true
 }
@@ -756,7 +768,7 @@ func (r *raft) delProgress(id uint64) {
 
 func (r *raft) loadState(state pb.HardState) {
 	if state.Commit < r.raftLog.committed || state.Commit > r.raftLog.lastIndex() {
-		raftLogger.Panicf("%x state.commit %d is out of range [%d, %d]", r.id, state.Commit, r.raftLog.committed, r.raftLog.lastIndex())
+		r.logger.Panicf("%x state.commit %d is out of range [%d, %d]", r.id, state.Commit, r.raftLog.committed, r.raftLog.lastIndex())
 	}
 	r.raftLog.committed = state.Commit
 	r.Term = state.Term
diff --git a/raft/raft_test.go b/raft/raft_test.go
index 3115d2cfa..dffdea6b2 100644
--- a/raft/raft_test.go
+++ b/raft/raft_test.go
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ func TestDuelingCandidates(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{a, StateFollower, 2, wlog},
 		{b, StateFollower, 2, wlog},
-		{c, StateFollower, 2, newLog(NewMemoryStorage())},
+		{c, StateFollower, 2, newLog(NewMemoryStorage(), raftLogger)},
 	}
 
 	for i, tt := range tests {
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ func TestProposal(t *testing.T) {
 		send(pb.Message{From: 1, To: 1, Type: pb.MsgHup})
 		send(pb.Message{From: 1, To: 1, Type: pb.MsgProp, Entries: []pb.Entry{{Data: data}}})
 
-		wantLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage())
+		wantLog := newLog(NewMemoryStorage(), raftLogger)
 		if tt.success {
 			wantLog = &raftLog{
 				storage: &MemoryStorage{