diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
index 3496e7975..b27d91193 100644
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 	"name": "Go",
 	
 	// Or use a Dockerfile or Docker Compose file. More info: https://containers.dev/guide/dockerfile
-	"image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/go:1.20-bullseye",
+	"image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/go:1.20-bookworm",
 
 	// Features to add to the dev container. More info: https://containers.dev/features.
 	"features": {
diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64-template.yaml
index 5f19b4d43..b5144e7fc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64-template.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e-arm64-template.yaml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     # this is to prevent the job to run at forked projects
     if: github.repository == 'etcd-io/etcd'
     runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, ARM64]
-    container: golang:1.20-bullseye
+    container: golang:1.20-bookworm
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml b/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
index 6add7f406..278c41b48 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e.yaml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container:
-      image: golang:1.20-bullseye
+      image: golang:1.20-bookworm
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml b/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
index 36601b7e4..a16e66ff1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/grpcproxy.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permissions: read-all
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: golang:1.20-bullseye
+    container: golang:1.20-bookworm
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
index e81be9e3c..7190bc80a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/robustness-template.yaml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 210
     runs-on: ${{ fromJson(inputs.runs-on) }}
     container:
-      image: golang:1.20-bullseye
+      image: golang:1.20-bookworm
       # Required for mounting fuse lazyfs
       options: --privileged
     defaults:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests-arm64-template.yaml b/.github/workflows/tests-arm64-template.yaml
index 860419320..3a089dd20 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests-arm64-template.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests-arm64-template.yaml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     # this is to prevent the job to run at forked projects
     if: github.repository == 'etcd-io/etcd'
     runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, ARM64]
-    container: golang:1.20-bullseye
+    container: golang:1.20-bookworm
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
index eaf849d83..2e42dc768 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permissions: read-all
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: golang:1.20-bullseye
+    container: golang:1.20-bookworm
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 861a1d5b8..a81191e6c 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ARG ARCH=amd64
-FROM --platform=linux/${ARCH} gcr.io/distroless/static-debian11
+FROM --platform=linux/${ARCH} gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12
 
 ADD etcd /usr/local/bin/
 ADD etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
diff --git a/tests/e2e/cmux_test.go b/tests/e2e/cmux_test.go
index 89844093c..3260fd826 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/cmux_test.go
+++ b/tests/e2e/cmux_test.go
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func testConnectionMultiplexing(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, member e2e.Et
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 	})
 	t.Run("curl", func(t *testing.T) {
-		for _, httpVersion := range []string{"2", "1.1", "1.0", ""} {
+		for _, httpVersion := range []string{"2", "1.1", ""} {
 			tname := "http" + httpVersion
 			if httpVersion == "" {
 				tname = "default"