etcd/lease/lessor_test.go

// Copyright 2015 The etcd Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package lease

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"math"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"sort"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/coreos/go-semver/semver"
	pb "go.etcd.io/etcd/etcdserver/etcdserverpb"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/lease/leasepb"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/mvcc/backend"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/testutil"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/version"
	"go.uber.org/zap"
)

const (
	minLeaseTTL         = int64(5)
	minLeaseTTLDuration = time.Duration(minLeaseTTL) * time.Second
)

// TestLessorGrant ensures Lessor can grant wanted lease.
// The granted lease should have a unique ID with a term
// that is greater than minLeaseTTL.
func TestLessorGrant(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()
	le.Promote(0)

	l, err := le.Grant(1, 1)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("could not grant lease 1 (%v)", err)
	}
	if l.ttl != minLeaseTTL {
		t.Fatalf("ttl = %v, expect minLeaseTTL %v", l.ttl, minLeaseTTL)
	}

	gl := le.Lookup(l.ID)

	if !reflect.DeepEqual(gl, l) {
		t.Errorf("lease = %v, want %v", gl, l)
	}
	if l.Remaining() < minLeaseTTLDuration-time.Second {
		t.Errorf("term = %v, want at least %v", l.Remaining(), minLeaseTTLDuration-time.Second)
	}

	_, err = le.Grant(1, 1)
	if err == nil {
		t.Errorf("allocated the same lease")
	}

	var nl *Lease
	nl, err = le.Grant(2, 1)
	if err != nil {
		t.Errorf("could not grant lease 2 (%v)", err)
	}
	if nl.ID == l.ID {
		t.Errorf("new lease.id = %x, want != %x", nl.ID, l.ID)
	}

	lss := []*Lease{gl, nl}
	leases := le.Leases()
	for i := range lss {
		if lss[i].ID != leases[i].ID {
			t.Fatalf("lease ID expected %d, got %d", lss[i].ID, leases[i].ID)
		}
		if lss[i].ttl != leases[i].ttl {
			t.Fatalf("ttl expected %d, got %d", lss[i].ttl, leases[i].ttl)
		}
	}

	be.BatchTx().Lock()
	_, vs := be.BatchTx().UnsafeRange(leaseBucketName, int64ToBytes(int64(l.ID)), nil, 0)
	if len(vs) != 1 {
		t.Errorf("len(vs) = %d, want 1", len(vs))
	}
	be.BatchTx().Unlock()
}

// TestLeaseConcurrentKeys ensures Lease.Keys method calls are guarded
// from concurrent map writes on 'itemSet'.
func TestLeaseConcurrentKeys(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()
	le.SetRangeDeleter(func() TxnDelete { return newFakeDeleter(be) })

	// grant a lease with long term (100 seconds) to
	// avoid early termination during the test.
	l, err := le.Grant(1, 100)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("could not grant lease for 100s ttl (%v)", err)
	}

	itemn := 10
	items := make([]LeaseItem, itemn)
	for i := 0; i < itemn; i++ {
		items[i] = LeaseItem{Key: fmt.Sprintf("foo%d", i)}
	}
	if err = le.Attach(l.ID, items); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to attach items to the lease: %v", err)
	}

	donec := make(chan struct{})
	go func() {
		le.Detach(l.ID, items)
		close(donec)
	}()

	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	wg.Add(itemn)
	for i := 0; i < itemn; i++ {
		go func() {
			defer wg.Done()
			l.Keys()
		}()
	}

	<-donec
	wg.Wait()
}

// TestLessorRevoke ensures Lessor can revoke a lease.
// The items in the revoked lease should be removed from
// the backend.
// The revoked lease cannot be got from Lessor again.
func TestLessorRevoke(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()
	var fd *fakeDeleter
	le.SetRangeDeleter(func() TxnDelete {
		fd = newFakeDeleter(be)
		return fd
	})

	// grant a lease with long term (100 seconds) to
	// avoid early termination during the test.
	l, err := le.Grant(1, 100)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("could not grant lease for 100s ttl (%v)", err)
	}

	items := []LeaseItem{
		{"foo"},
		{"bar"},
	}

	if err = le.Attach(l.ID, items); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to attach items to the lease: %v", err)
	}

	if err = le.Revoke(l.ID); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("failed to revoke lease:", err)
	}

	if le.Lookup(l.ID) != nil {
		t.Errorf("got revoked lease %x", l.ID)
	}

	wdeleted := []string{"bar_", "foo_"}
	sort.Strings(fd.deleted)
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(fd.deleted, wdeleted) {
		t.Errorf("deleted= %v, want %v", fd.deleted, wdeleted)
	}

	be.BatchTx().Lock()
	_, vs := be.BatchTx().UnsafeRange(leaseBucketName, int64ToBytes(int64(l.ID)), nil, 0)
	if len(vs) != 0 {
		t.Errorf("len(vs) = %d, want 0", len(vs))
	}
	be.BatchTx().Unlock()
}

// TestLessorRenew ensures Lessor can renew an existing lease.
func TestLessorRenew(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer be.Close()
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()
	le.Promote(0)

	l, err := le.Grant(1, minLeaseTTL)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to grant lease (%v)", err)
	}

	// manually change the ttl field
	le.mu.Lock()
	l.ttl = 10
	le.mu.Unlock()
	ttl, err := le.Renew(l.ID)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to renew lease (%v)", err)
	}
	if ttl != l.ttl {
		t.Errorf("ttl = %d, want %d", ttl, l.ttl)
	}

	l = le.Lookup(l.ID)
	if l.Remaining() < 9*time.Second {
		t.Errorf("failed to renew the lease")
	}
}

func TestLessorRenewWithCheckpointer(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer be.Close()
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	fakerCheckerpointer := func(ctx context.Context, cp *pb.LeaseCheckpointRequest) {
		for _, cp := range cp.GetCheckpoints() {
			le.Checkpoint(LeaseID(cp.GetID()), cp.GetRemaining_TTL())
		}
	}
	defer le.Stop()
	// Set checkpointer
	le.SetCheckpointer(fakerCheckerpointer)
	le.Promote(0)

	l, err := le.Grant(1, minLeaseTTL)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to grant lease (%v)", err)
	}

	// manually change the ttl field
	le.mu.Lock()
	l.ttl = 10
	l.remainingTTL = 10
	le.mu.Unlock()
	ttl, err := le.Renew(l.ID)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to renew lease (%v)", err)
	}
	if ttl != l.ttl {
		t.Errorf("ttl = %d, want %d", ttl, l.ttl)
	}
	if l.remainingTTL != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("remianingTTL = %d, want %d", l.remainingTTL, 0)
	}

	l = le.Lookup(l.ID)
	if l.Remaining() < 9*time.Second {
		t.Errorf("failed to renew the lease")
	}
}

// TestLessorRenewExtendPileup ensures Lessor extends leases on promotion if too many
// expire at the same time.
func TestLessorRenewExtendPileup(t *testing.T) {
	oldRevokeRate := leaseRevokeRate
	defer func() { leaseRevokeRate = oldRevokeRate }()
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	leaseRevokeRate = 10

	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	ttl := int64(10)
	for i := 1; i <= leaseRevokeRate*10; i++ {
		if _, err := le.Grant(LeaseID(2*i), ttl); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		// ttls that overlap spillover for ttl=10
		if _, err := le.Grant(LeaseID(2*i+1), ttl+1); err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
	}

	// simulate stop and recovery
	le.Stop()
	be.Close()
	bcfg := backend.DefaultBackendConfig()
	bcfg.Path = filepath.Join(dir, "be")
	be = backend.New(bcfg)
	defer be.Close()
	le = newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()

	// extend after recovery should extend expiration on lease pile-up
	le.Promote(0)

	windowCounts := make(map[int64]int)
	for _, l := range le.leaseMap {
		// round up slightly for baseline ttl
		s := int64(l.Remaining().Seconds() + 0.1)
		windowCounts[s]++
	}

	for i := ttl; i < ttl+20; i++ {
		c := windowCounts[i]
		if c > leaseRevokeRate {
			t.Errorf("expected at most %d expiring at %ds, got %d", leaseRevokeRate, i, c)
		}
		if c < leaseRevokeRate/2 {
			t.Errorf("expected at least %d expiring at %ds, got %d", leaseRevokeRate/2, i, c)
		}
	}
}

func TestLessorDetach(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()
	le.SetRangeDeleter(func() TxnDelete { return newFakeDeleter(be) })

	// grant a lease with long term (100 seconds) to
	// avoid early termination during the test.
	l, err := le.Grant(1, 100)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("could not grant lease for 100s ttl (%v)", err)
	}

	items := []LeaseItem{
		{"foo"},
		{"bar"},
	}

	if err := le.Attach(l.ID, items); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to attach items to the lease: %v", err)
	}

	if err := le.Detach(l.ID, items[0:1]); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to de-attach items to the lease: %v", err)
	}

	l = le.Lookup(l.ID)
	if len(l.itemSet) != 1 {
		t.Fatalf("len(l.itemSet) = %d, failed to de-attach items", len(l.itemSet))
	}
	if _, ok := l.itemSet[LeaseItem{"bar"}]; !ok {
		t.Fatalf("de-attached wrong item, want %q exists", "bar")
	}
}

// TestLessorRecover ensures Lessor recovers leases from
// persist backend.
func TestLessorRecover(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()
	l1, err1 := le.Grant(1, 10)
	l2, err2 := le.Grant(2, 20)
	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
		t.Fatalf("could not grant initial leases (%v, %v)", err1, err2)
	}

	// Create a new lessor with the same backend
	nle := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer nle.Stop()
	nl1 := nle.Lookup(l1.ID)
	if nl1 == nil || nl1.ttl != l1.ttl {
		t.Errorf("nl1 = %v, want nl1.ttl= %d", nl1.ttl, l1.ttl)
	}

	nl2 := nle.Lookup(l2.ID)
	if nl2 == nil || nl2.ttl != l2.ttl {
		t.Errorf("nl2 = %v, want nl2.ttl= %d", nl2.ttl, l2.ttl)
	}
}

func TestLessorExpire(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	testMinTTL := int64(1)

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: testMinTTL})
	defer le.Stop()

	le.Promote(1 * time.Second)
	l, err := le.Grant(1, testMinTTL)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create lease: %v", err)
	}

	select {
	case el := <-le.ExpiredLeasesC():
		if el[0].ID != l.ID {
			t.Fatalf("expired id = %x, want %x", el[0].ID, l.ID)
		}
	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
		t.Fatalf("failed to receive expired lease")
	}

	donec := make(chan struct{})
	go func() {
		// expired lease cannot be renewed
		if _, err := le.Renew(l.ID); err != ErrLeaseNotFound {
			t.Errorf("unexpected renew")
		}
		donec <- struct{}{}
	}()

	select {
	case <-donec:
		t.Fatalf("renew finished before lease revocation")
	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
	}

	// expired lease can be revoked
	if err := le.Revoke(l.ID); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to revoke expired lease: %v", err)
	}

	select {
	case <-donec:
	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
		t.Fatalf("renew has not returned after lease revocation")
	}
}

func TestLessorExpireAndDemote(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	testMinTTL := int64(1)

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: testMinTTL})
	defer le.Stop()

	le.Promote(1 * time.Second)
	l, err := le.Grant(1, testMinTTL)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create lease: %v", err)
	}

	select {
	case el := <-le.ExpiredLeasesC():
		if el[0].ID != l.ID {
			t.Fatalf("expired id = %x, want %x", el[0].ID, l.ID)
		}
	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
		t.Fatalf("failed to receive expired lease")
	}

	donec := make(chan struct{})
	go func() {
		// expired lease cannot be renewed
		if _, err := le.Renew(l.ID); err != ErrNotPrimary {
			t.Errorf("unexpected renew: %v", err)
		}
		donec <- struct{}{}
	}()

	select {
	case <-donec:
		t.Fatalf("renew finished before demotion")
	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
	}

	// demote will cause the renew request to fail with ErrNotPrimary
	le.Demote()

	select {
	case <-donec:
	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
		t.Fatalf("renew has not returned after lessor demotion")
	}
}

func TestLessorMaxTTL(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()

	_, err := le.Grant(1, MaxLeaseTTL+1)
	if err != ErrLeaseTTLTooLarge {
		t.Fatalf("grant unexpectedly succeeded")
	}
}

func TestLessorCheckpointScheduling(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()

	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL, CheckpointInterval: 1 * time.Second})
	defer le.Stop()
	le.minLeaseTTL = 1
	checkpointedC := make(chan struct{})
	le.SetCheckpointer(func(ctx context.Context, lc *pb.LeaseCheckpointRequest) {
		close(checkpointedC)
		if len(lc.Checkpoints) != 1 {
			t.Errorf("expected 1 checkpoint but got %d", len(lc.Checkpoints))
		}
		c := lc.Checkpoints[0]
		if c.Remaining_TTL != 1 {
			t.Errorf("expected checkpoint to be called with Remaining_TTL=%d but got %d", 1, c.Remaining_TTL)
		}
	})
	_, err := le.Grant(1, 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	le.Promote(0)

	// TODO: Is there any way to avoid doing this wait? Lease TTL granularity is in seconds.
	select {
	case <-checkpointedC:
	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
		t.Fatal("expected checkpointer to be called, but it was not")
	}
}

func TestLessorCheckpointsRestoredOnPromote(t *testing.T) {
	lg := zap.NewNop()
	dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
	defer be.Close()

	le := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL})
	defer le.Stop()
	l, err := le.Grant(1, 10)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	le.Checkpoint(l.ID, 5)
	le.Promote(0)
	remaining := l.Remaining().Seconds()
	if !(remaining > 4 && remaining < 5) {
		t.Fatalf("expected expiry to be less than 1s in the future, but got %f seconds", remaining)
	}
}

func TestLeaseBackend(t *testing.T) {
	tcs := []struct {
		name  string
		setup func(tx backend.BatchTx)
		want  []*leasepb.Lease
	}{
		{
			name:  "Empty by default",
			setup: func(tx backend.BatchTx) {},
			want:  []*leasepb.Lease{},
		},
		{
			name: "Returns data put before",
			setup: func(tx backend.BatchTx) {
				mustUnsafePutLease(tx, &leasepb.Lease{
					ID:  -1,
					TTL: 2,
				})
			},
			want: []*leasepb.Lease{
				{
					ID:  -1,
					TTL: 2,
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Skips deleted",
			setup: func(tx backend.BatchTx) {
				mustUnsafePutLease(tx, &leasepb.Lease{
					ID:  -1,
					TTL: 2,
				})
				mustUnsafePutLease(tx, &leasepb.Lease{
					ID:  math.MinInt64,
					TTL: 2,
				})
				mustUnsafePutLease(tx, &leasepb.Lease{
					ID:  math.MaxInt64,
					TTL: 3,
				})
				tx.UnsafeDelete(leaseBucketName, int64ToBytes(-1))
			},
			want: []*leasepb.Lease{
				{
					ID:  math.MaxInt64,
					TTL: 3,
				},
				{
					ID:  math.MinInt64, // bytes bigger than MaxInt64
					TTL: 2,
				},
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tc := range tcs {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			be, tmpPath := backend.NewTmpBackend(time.Microsecond, 10)
			tx := be.BatchTx()
			tx.Lock()
			tx.UnsafeCreateBucket(leaseBucketName)
			tc.setup(tx)
			tx.Unlock()

			be.ForceCommit()
			be.Close()

			be2 := backend.NewDefaultBackend(tmpPath)
			defer be2.Close()
			leases := unsafeGetAllLeases(be2.ReadTx())

			testutil.AssertEqual(t, tc.want, leases)
		})
	}
}

func TestLessorCheckpointPersistenceAfterRestart(t *testing.T) {
	const ttl int64 = 10
	const checkpointTTL int64 = 5

	tcs := []struct {
		name               string
		cluster            cluster
		checkpointPersist  bool
		expectRemainingTTL int64
	}{
		{
			name:               "Etcd v3.6 and newer persist remainingTTL on checkpoint",
			cluster:            clusterV3_6(),
			expectRemainingTTL: checkpointTTL,
		},
		{
			name:               "Etcd v3.5 and older persist remainingTTL if CheckpointPersist is set",
			cluster:            clusterLatest(),
			checkpointPersist:  true,
			expectRemainingTTL: checkpointTTL,
		},
		{
			name:               "Etcd with version unknown persists remainingTTL if CheckpointPersist is set",
			cluster:            clusterNil(),
			checkpointPersist:  true,
			expectRemainingTTL: checkpointTTL,
		},
		{
			name:               "Etcd v3.5 and older reset remainingTTL on checkpoint",
			cluster:            clusterLatest(),
			expectRemainingTTL: ttl,
		},
		{
			name:               "Etcd with version unknown fallbacks to v3.5 behavior",
			cluster:            clusterNil(),
			expectRemainingTTL: ttl,
		},
	}
	for _, tc := range tcs {
		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			lg := zap.NewNop()
			dir, be := NewTestBackend(t)
			defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
			defer be.Close()

			cfg := LessorConfig{MinLeaseTTL: minLeaseTTL}
			cfg.CheckpointPersist = tc.checkpointPersist
			le := newLessor(lg, be, tc.cluster, cfg)
			l, err := le.Grant(2, ttl)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
			if l.RemainingTTL() != ttl {
				t.Errorf("remainingTTL() = %d, expected: %d", l.RemainingTTL(), ttl)
			}
			le.Checkpoint(2, checkpointTTL)
			if l.RemainingTTL() != checkpointTTL {
				t.Errorf("remainingTTL() = %d, expected: %d", l.RemainingTTL(), checkpointTTL)
			}
			le.Stop()
			le2 := newLessor(lg, be, clusterV3_6(), cfg)
			l = le2.Lookup(2)
			if l.RemainingTTL() != tc.expectRemainingTTL {
				t.Errorf("remainingTTL() = %d, expected: %d", l.RemainingTTL(), tc.expectRemainingTTL)
			}
		})
	}
}

func mustUnsafePutLease(tx backend.BatchTx, lpb *leasepb.Lease) {
	key := int64ToBytes(lpb.ID)

	val, err := lpb.Marshal()
	if err != nil {
		panic("failed to marshal lease proto item")
	}
	tx.UnsafePut(leaseBucketName, key, val)
}

type fakeDeleter struct {
	deleted []string
	tx      backend.BatchTx
}

func newFakeDeleter(be backend.Backend) *fakeDeleter {
	fd := &fakeDeleter{nil, be.BatchTx()}
	fd.tx.Lock()
	return fd
}

func (fd *fakeDeleter) End() { fd.tx.Unlock() }

func (fd *fakeDeleter) DeleteRange(key, end []byte) (int64, int64) {
	fd.deleted = append(fd.deleted, string(key)+"_"+string(end))
	return 0, 0
}

func NewTestBackend(t *testing.T) (string, backend.Backend) {
	tmpPath, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "lease")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create tmpdir (%v)", err)
	}
	bcfg := backend.DefaultBackendConfig()
	bcfg.Path = filepath.Join(tmpPath, "be")
	return tmpPath, backend.New(bcfg)
}

func clusterV3_6() cluster {
	return fakeCluster{semver.New("3.6.0")}
}

func clusterLatest() cluster {
	return fakeCluster{semver.New(version.Cluster(version.Version) + ".0")}
}

func clusterNil() cluster {
	return fakeCluster{}
}

type fakeCluster struct {
	version *semver.Version
}

func (c fakeCluster) Version() *semver.Version {
	return c.version
}