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Mark McGranaghan 2013-10-06 09:25:58 -07:00
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5
README.md
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@ -81,7 +81,10 @@ $ heroku open -r $DEPLOY
### License
This work is licensed under a
This work is copyright Mark McGranaghan and licensed under a
[Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
The Go Gopher is copyright the Go Authors and licensed under a
[Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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public/arrays
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@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ specific length.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ specific length.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/l-A8eBnwio"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ specific length.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ specific length.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ zero-valued, which for <code>int</code>s means <code>0</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;emp:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -91,6 +96,7 @@ zero-valued, which for <code>int</code>s means <code>0</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;set:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;get:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">])</span>
@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ zero-valued, which for <code>int</code>s means <code>0</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;len:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -118,6 +125,7 @@ in one line.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;dcl:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -133,6 +141,7 @@ structures.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">twoD</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -157,6 +166,7 @@ when printed with <code>fmt.Println</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run arrays.go
<span class="go">emp: [0 0 0 0 0]</span>
<span class="go">set: [0 0 0 0 100]</span>
@ -177,6 +187,7 @@ typical Go. We&rsquo;ll look at slices next.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

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public/atomic-counters
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@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ counters</em> accessed by multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ counters</em> accessed by multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/sKIaNsJquU"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ counters</em> accessed by multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;time&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;sync/atomic&quot;</span>
@ -68,6 +71,7 @@ counters</em> accessed by multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ counters</em> accessed by multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">ops</span> <span class="kt">uint64</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ once a millisecond.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -112,6 +118,7 @@ address of our <code>ops</code> counter with the
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">AddUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">ops</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -124,6 +131,7 @@ address of our <code>ops</code> counter with the
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">runtime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Gosched</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}()</span>
@ -139,6 +147,7 @@ address of our <code>ops</code> counter with the
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -156,6 +165,7 @@ fetch the value.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">opsFinal</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LoadUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">ops</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ops:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">opsFinal</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -175,6 +185,7 @@ fetch the value.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run atomic-counters.go
<span class="go">ops: 40200</span>
</pre></div>
@ -190,6 +201,7 @@ state.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

10
public/base64-encoding
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@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ encoding/decoding</a>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ encoding/decoding</a>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/t6rFm2x4Yr"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ save us some space below.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nx">b64</span> <span class="s">&quot;encoding/base64&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ save us some space below.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ save us some space below.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">data</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="s">&quot;abc123!?$*&amp;()&#39;-=@~&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ cast our <code>string</code> to that type.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">sEnc</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">StdEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">EncodeToString</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -107,6 +113,7 @@ well-formed.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">sDec</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">StdEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DecodeString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sDec</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
@ -122,6 +129,7 @@ format.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">uEnc</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">URLEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">EncodeToString</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">uEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">uDec</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">URLEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DecodeString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">uEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -144,6 +152,7 @@ but they both decode to the original string as desired.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run base64-encoding.go
<span class="go">YWJjMTIzIT8kKiYoKSctPUB+</span>
<span class="go">abc123!?$*&amp;()&#39;-=@~</span>
@ -157,6 +166,7 @@ but they both decode to the original string as desired.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">YWJjMTIzIT8kKiYoKSctPUB-</span>
<span class="go">abc123!?$*&amp;()&#39;-=@~</span>
</pre></div>

8
public/channel-buffering
View File

@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ those values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ those values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/34PVHwO6Bn"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ those values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ those values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ those values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ concurrent receive.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="s">&quot;buffered&quot;</span>
<span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="s">&quot;channel&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ concurrent receive.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">messages</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">messages</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -122,6 +129,7 @@ concurrent receive.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channel-buffering.go
<span class="go">buffered</span>
<span class="go">channel</span>

7
public/channel-directions
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ the program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ the program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/P9Fujfpa1f"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ the program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ receive on this channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">ping</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="kd">chan</span><span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nx">msg</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ receive on this channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">pong</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">pongs</span> <span class="kd">chan</span><span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">pings</span>
<span class="nx">pongs</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nx">msg</span>
@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ receive on this channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">pongs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -116,6 +122,7 @@ receive on this channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channel-directions.go
<span class="go">passed message</span>
</pre></div>

10
public/channel-synchronization
View File

@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ blocking receive to wait for a goroutine to finish.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ blocking receive to wait for a goroutine to finish.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/0DfW-1RMqi"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ blocking receive to wait for a goroutine to finish.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;time&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ goroutine that this function&rsquo;s work is done.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">worker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">done</span> <span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;working...&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ goroutine that this function&rsquo;s work is done.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -93,6 +98,7 @@ goroutine that this function&rsquo;s work is done.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -106,6 +112,7 @@ notify on.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="nx">worker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">done</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -120,6 +127,7 @@ worker on the channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">done</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -136,6 +144,7 @@ worker on the channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channel-synchronization.go
<span class="go">working...done </span>
</pre></div>
@ -152,6 +161,7 @@ started.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

9
public/channels
View File

@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ underly much of Go&rsquo;s functionality.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ underly much of Go&rsquo;s functionality.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/aVTMoY5FNt"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ underly much of Go&rsquo;s functionality.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ underly much of Go&rsquo;s functionality.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ Channels are typed by the values they convey.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -91,6 +96,7 @@ channel we made above, from a new goroutine.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="s">&quot;ping&quot;</span> <span class="p">}()</span>
</pre></div>
@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ we sent above and print it out.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">messages</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -125,6 +132,7 @@ channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channels.go
<span class="go">ping</span>
</pre></div>
@ -142,6 +150,7 @@ message without having to use any other synchronization.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

9
public/closing-channels
View File

@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ completion to the channel&rsquo;s receivers.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ completion to the channel&rsquo;s receivers.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/eFZ2SeKswH"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ completion to the channel&rsquo;s receivers.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ the worker we&rsquo;ll <code>close</code> the <code>jobs</code> channel.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -86,6 +90,7 @@ all our jobs.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">more</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">jobs</span>
@ -110,6 +115,7 @@ channel, then closes it.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nx">j</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;sent job&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -129,6 +135,7 @@ we saw earlier.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">done</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -145,6 +152,7 @@ we saw earlier.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run closing-channels.go
<span class="go">sent job 1</span>
<span class="go">received job 1</span>
@ -167,6 +175,7 @@ example: <code>range</code> over channels.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

10
public/closures
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ a function inline without having to name it.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ a function inline without having to name it.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/gQtEWkhWyp"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ a function inline without having to name it.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ form a closure.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">intSeq</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ form a closure.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ we call <code>nextInt</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">nextInt</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">intSeq</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
@ -112,6 +118,7 @@ a few times.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nextInt</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nextInt</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nextInt</span><span class="p">())</span>
@ -127,6 +134,7 @@ particular function, create and test a new one.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">newInts</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">intSeq</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">newInts</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -144,6 +152,7 @@ particular function, create and test a new one.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run closures.go
<span class="go">1</span>
<span class="go">2</span>
@ -162,6 +171,7 @@ recursion.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

21
public/collection-functions
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ collection with a custom function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ your program and data types.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ helper function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ helper function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/3PNdke3Wia"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ helper function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;strings&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ helper function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -115,6 +121,7 @@ slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Include</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">Index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -130,6 +137,7 @@ satisfies the predicate <code>f</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -150,6 +158,7 @@ satisfy the predicate <code>f</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">All</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">!</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -170,6 +179,7 @@ slice that satisfy the predicate <code>f</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">vsf</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -191,6 +201,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">vsm</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -208,6 +219,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -220,6 +232,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">strs</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;peach&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;pear&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;plum&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -231,6 +244,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;pear&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -242,6 +256,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Include</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;grape&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -253,6 +268,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HasPrefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;p&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}))</span>
@ -266,6 +282,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">All</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HasPrefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;p&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}))</span>
@ -279,6 +296,7 @@ the function <code>f</code> to each string in the original slice.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;e&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}))</span>
@ -295,6 +313,7 @@ type.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ToUpper</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -306,6 +325,7 @@ type.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -321,6 +341,7 @@ type.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run collection-functions.go
<span class="go">2</span>
<span class="go">false</span>

9
public/command-line-arguments
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ For example, <code>go run hello.go</code> uses <code>run</code> and
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ For example, <code>go run hello.go</code> uses <code>run</code> and
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/44uyYt_TRl"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ For example, <code>go run hello.go</code> uses <code>run</code> and
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ For example, <code>go run hello.go</code> uses <code>run</code> and
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ holds the arguments to the program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">argsWithProg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span>
<span class="nx">argsWithoutProg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
</pre></div>
@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ holds the arguments to the program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
@ -103,6 +109,7 @@ holds the arguments to the program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">argsWithProg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">argsWithoutProg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -123,6 +130,7 @@ build a binary with <code>go build</code> first.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build <span class="nb">command</span>-line-arguments.go
<span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-arguments a b c d
<span class="go">[./command-line-arguments a b c d] </span>
@ -141,6 +149,7 @@ with flags.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

17
public/command-line-flags
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ command-line flag.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ command-line flag.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/9xlvGqQjhl"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ implement our example command-line program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;flag&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ implement our example command-line program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ we&rsquo;ll see how to use this pointer below.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">wordPtr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;word&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;a string&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ similar approach to the <code>word</code> flag.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">numbPtr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;numb&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;an int&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">boolPtr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;fork&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;a bool&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -113,6 +119,7 @@ declaration function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">svar</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">StringVar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">svar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;svar&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;a string var&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -127,6 +134,7 @@ to execute the command-line parsing.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Parse</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
@ -142,6 +150,7 @@ to get the actual option values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;word:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">wordPtr</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;numb:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">numbPtr</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;fork:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">boolPtr</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -165,6 +174,7 @@ binary directly.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build <span class="nb">command</span>-line-flags.go
</pre></div>
@ -178,6 +188,7 @@ all flags.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt -numb<span class="o">=</span>7 -fork -svar<span class="o">=</span>flag
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
<span class="go">numb: 7</span>
@ -196,6 +207,7 @@ their default values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
<span class="go">numb: 42</span>
@ -214,6 +226,7 @@ any flags.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt a1 a2 a3
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
<span class="go">...</span>
@ -231,6 +244,7 @@ will be interpreted as positional arguments).</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt a1 a2 a3 -numb<span class="o">=</span>7
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
<span class="go">numb: 42</span>
@ -249,6 +263,7 @@ generated help text for the command-line program.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -h
<span class="go">Usage of ./command-line-flags:</span>
<span class="go"> -fork=false: a bool</span>
@ -268,6 +283,7 @@ an show the help text again.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -wat
<span class="go">flag provided but not defined: -wat</span>
<span class="go">Usage of ./command-line-flags:</span>
@ -285,6 +301,7 @@ way to parameterize programs.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

10
public/constants
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ and numeric values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ and numeric values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/T5sj0eINnp"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ and numeric values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;math&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ and numeric values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">s</span> <span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;constant&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -74,6 +78,7 @@ and numeric values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -88,6 +93,7 @@ statement can.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">n</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">500000000</span>
</pre></div>
@ -101,6 +107,7 @@ arbitrary precision.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">d</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">3e20</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="nx">n</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -115,6 +122,7 @@ one, such as by an explicit cast.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -130,6 +138,7 @@ assignment or function call. For example, here
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -146,6 +155,7 @@ assignment or function call. For example, here
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run constant.go
<span class="go">constant</span>
<span class="go">6e+11</span>

10
public/defer
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ purposes of cleanup. <code>defer</code> is often used where e.g.
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ purposes of cleanup. <code>defer</code> is often used where e.g.
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/9aoHwzHcAo"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ purposes of cleanup. <code>defer</code> is often used where e.g.
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ do that with <code>defer</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -83,6 +87,7 @@ of the enclosing function (<code>main</code>), after
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">createFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/tmp/defer.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">defer</span> <span class="nx">closeFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">writeFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ of the enclosing function (<code>main</code>), after
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">createFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">File</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;creating&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -115,6 +121,7 @@ of the enclosing function (<code>main</code>), after
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">writeFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">File</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;writing&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Fprintln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;data&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -128,6 +135,7 @@ of the enclosing function (<code>main</code>), after
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -139,6 +147,7 @@ of the enclosing function (<code>main</code>), after
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">closeFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">File</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;closing&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Close</span><span class="p">()</span>
@ -159,6 +168,7 @@ after being written.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run defer.go
<span class="go">creating</span>
<span class="go">writing</span>

9
public/environment-variables
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Let&rsquo;s look at how to set, get, and list environment variables.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ Let&rsquo;s look at how to set, get, and list environment variables.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/kfqLhpmEpw"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ Let&rsquo;s look at how to set, get, and list environment variables.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;strings&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ Let&rsquo;s look at how to set, get, and list environment variables.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -80,6 +84,7 @@ environment.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Setenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;FOO&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;FOO:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;FOO&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;BAR:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;BAR&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ get the key and value. Here we print all the keys.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Environ</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">pair</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;=&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -120,6 +126,7 @@ value for <code>FOO</code> that we set in the program, but that
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run environment-variables.go
<span class="go">FOO: 1</span>
<span class="go">BAR: </span>
@ -135,6 +142,7 @@ particular machine.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">TERM_PROGRAM</span>
<span class="go">PATH</span>
<span class="go">SHELL</span>
@ -151,6 +159,7 @@ program picks that value up.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nv">BAR</span><span class="o">=</span>2 go run environment-variables.go
<span class="go">FOO: 1</span>
<span class="go">BAR: 2</span>

9
public/epoch
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Here&rsquo;s how to do it in Go.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ Here&rsquo;s how to do it in Go.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/3jXHvYbLUz"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ Here&rsquo;s how to do it in Go.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;time&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ Here&rsquo;s how to do it in Go.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -78,6 +82,7 @@ nanoseconds, respectively.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">now</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Now</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nx">secs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">now</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unix</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nx">nanos</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">now</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">UnixNano</span><span class="p">()</span>
@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ dive from nanoseconds.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">millis</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">nanos</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">1000000</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">secs</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">millis</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -111,6 +117,7 @@ since the epoch into the corresponding <code>time</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">secs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">nanos</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -128,6 +135,7 @@ since the epoch into the corresponding <code>time</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run epoch.go
<span class="go">2012-10-31 16:13:58.292387 +0000 UTC</span>
<span class="go">1351700038</span>
@ -148,6 +156,7 @@ parsing and formatting.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

16
public/errors
View File

@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ non-error tasks.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ non-error tasks.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/BmDQXkPPTk"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ non-error tasks.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;errors&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ have type <code>error</code>, a built-in interface.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">f1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">42</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ with the given error message.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">errors</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;can&#39;t work with 42&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ with the given error message.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -108,6 +114,7 @@ there was no error.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -124,6 +131,7 @@ to explicitly represent an argument error.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">argError</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">prob</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
@ -138,6 +146,7 @@ to explicitly represent an argument error.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">argError</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">Error</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;%d - %s&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prob</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -151,6 +160,7 @@ to explicitly represent an argument error.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">f2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">42</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -166,6 +176,7 @@ fields <code>arg</code> and <code>prob</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">argError</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;can&#39;t work with it&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span>
@ -180,6 +191,7 @@ fields <code>arg</code> and <code>prob</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -195,6 +207,7 @@ idiom in Go code.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">f1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;f1 failed:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -223,6 +236,7 @@ assertion.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">f2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">ae</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">ok</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">argError</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">ok</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ae</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -243,6 +257,7 @@ assertion.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run errors.go
<span class="go">f1 worked: 10</span>
<span class="go">f1 failed: can&#39;t work with 42</span>
@ -263,6 +278,7 @@ on the Go blog for more on error handling.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

10
public/execing-processes
View File

@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/iEAD2cYC-h"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;syscall&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os/exec&quot;</span>
@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ we&rsquo;ll use <code>exec.LookPath</code> to find it (probably
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">binary</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">lookErr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">exec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LookPath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ls&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">lookErr</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">lookErr</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -103,6 +108,7 @@ be the program name.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">args</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;ls&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;-a&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;-l&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;-h&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -117,6 +123,7 @@ environment.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">env</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Environ</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
@ -133,6 +140,7 @@ value.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">execErr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">syscall</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">binary</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">execErr</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">execErr</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -153,6 +161,7 @@ value.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run execing-processes.go
<span class="go">total 16</span>
<span class="go">drwxr-xr-x 4 mark 136B Oct 3 16:29 .</span>
@ -173,6 +182,7 @@ processes covers most use cases for <code>fork</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

10
public/exit
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ status.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ status.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/CDiAh9SXRM"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ status.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ status.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ this <code>fmt.Println</code> will never be called.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">defer</span> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ this <code>fmt.Println</code> will never be called.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -104,6 +110,7 @@ use <code>os.Exit</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>
@ -118,6 +125,7 @@ will be picked up by <code>go</code> and printed.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run exit.go
<span class="go">exit status 3</span>
</pre></div>
@ -132,6 +140,7 @@ the status in the terminal.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build exit.go
<span class="gp">$</span> ./exit
<span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$?</span>
@ -148,6 +157,7 @@ the status in the terminal.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

9
public/for
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ three basic types of <code>for</code> loops.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ three basic types of <code>for</code> loops.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/mGqqcBZ0jv"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ three basic types of <code>for</code> loops.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ three basic types of <code>for</code> loops.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ three basic types of <code>for</code> loops.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ three basic types of <code>for</code> loops.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">&lt;=</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ the enclosing function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;loop&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">break</span>
@ -124,6 +131,7 @@ the enclosing function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run <span class="k">for</span>.go
<span class="go">1</span>
<span class="go">2</span>
@ -146,6 +154,7 @@ structures.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

9
public/functions
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ functions with a few different examples.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ functions with a few different examples.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/2EXoOWfGf_"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ functions with a few different examples.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ their sum as an <code>int</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">plus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ expression.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">b</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ expression.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -102,6 +108,7 @@ expression.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">res</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">plus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;1+2 =&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -119,6 +126,7 @@ expression.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run functions.go
<span class="go">1+2 = 3</span>
</pre></div>
@ -134,6 +142,7 @@ multiple return values, which we&rsquo;ll look at next.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

11
public/goroutines
View File

@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/aIO_Wi3hJj"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -49,6 +51,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -60,6 +63,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -75,6 +79,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ synchronously.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;direct&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -103,6 +109,7 @@ concurrently with the calling one.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;goroutine&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -116,6 +123,7 @@ function call.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}(</span><span class="s">&quot;going&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -133,6 +141,7 @@ before the program exits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">input</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Scanln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">input</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;done&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -155,6 +164,7 @@ goroutines being run concurrently by the Go runtime.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run goroutines.go
<span class="go">direct : 0</span>
<span class="go">direct : 1</span>
@ -178,6 +188,7 @@ concurrent Go programs: channels.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

7
public/hello-world
View File

@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ message. Here&rsquo;s the full source code.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/H8bxSpw9Jq"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ message. Here&rsquo;s the full source code.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ message. Here&rsquo;s the full source code.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ use <code>go run</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run hello-world.go
<span class="go">hello world</span>
</pre></div>
@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ binaries. We can do this using <code>go build</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build hello-world.go
<span class="gp">$</span> ls
<span class="go">hello-world hello-world.go</span>
@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ binaries. We can do this using <code>go build</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./hello-world
<span class="go">hello world</span>
</pre></div>
@ -114,6 +120,7 @@ learn more about the language.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

10
public/if-else
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ straight-forward.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ straight-forward.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/p_ykufAYRj"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ straight-forward.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -61,6 +64,7 @@ straight-forward.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ straight-forward.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;7 is even&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ straight-forward.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;8 is divisible by 4&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ branches.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">num</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">num</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;is negative&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">num</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -126,6 +133,7 @@ in Go, but that the brackets are required.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>
@ -138,6 +146,7 @@ in Go, but that the brackets are required.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run <span class="k">if</span>-else.go
<span class="go">7 is odd</span>
<span class="go">8 is divisible by 4</span>
@ -156,6 +165,7 @@ for basic conditions.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

12
public/interfaces
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ signatures.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ signatures.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/vx8bwC-Bmq"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ signatures.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;math&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ signatures.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">geometry</span> <span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span>
<span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span>
@ -79,6 +83,7 @@ signatures.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">square</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span> <span class="kt">float64</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ implement <code>geometry</code> on <code>square</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span> <span class="nx">square</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -115,6 +121,7 @@ implement <code>geometry</code> on <code>square</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">c</span> <span class="nx">circle</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pi</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">radius</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">radius</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -135,6 +142,7 @@ to work on any <code>geometry</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">measure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">g</span> <span class="nx">geometry</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">g</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">g</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
@ -150,6 +158,7 @@ to work on any <code>geometry</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">s</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">square</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">c</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">circle</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">radius</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span>
@ -167,6 +176,7 @@ these structs as arguments to measure.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">measure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">measure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -184,6 +194,7 @@ these structs as arguments to measure.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run interfaces.go
<span class="go">{3 4}</span>
<span class="go">12</span>
@ -204,6 +215,7 @@ these structs as arguments to measure.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

22
public/json
View File

@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ data types.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ data types.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/4L2wMVv7tW"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ data types.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;encoding/json&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ decoding of custom types below.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">Response1</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">Page</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">Fruits</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span>
@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ decoding of custom types below.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">bolB</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Marshal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">bolB</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -110,6 +116,7 @@ values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">intB</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Marshal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">intB</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -122,6 +129,7 @@ values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fltB</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Marshal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">2.34</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">fltB</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -134,6 +142,7 @@ values.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">strB</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Marshal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;gopher&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strB</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -148,6 +157,7 @@ to JSON arrays and objects as you&rsquo;d expect.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">slcD</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;peach&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;pear&quot;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">slcB</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Marshal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">slcD</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">slcB</span><span class="p">))</span>
@ -161,6 +171,7 @@ to JSON arrays and objects as you&rsquo;d expect.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">mapD</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;lettuce&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">mapB</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Marshal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">mapD</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">mapB</span><span class="p">))</span>
@ -178,6 +189,7 @@ use those names as the JSON keys.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">res1D</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">Response1</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">Page</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">Fruits</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;peach&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;pear&quot;</span><span class="p">}}</span>
@ -197,6 +209,7 @@ of such tags.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">res2D</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">Response2</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">Page</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">Fruits</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;peach&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;pear&quot;</span><span class="p">}}</span>
@ -215,6 +228,7 @@ structure.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">byt</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">`{&quot;num&quot;:6.0,&quot;strs&quot;:[&quot;a&quot;,&quot;b&quot;]}`</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -230,6 +244,7 @@ to arbitrary data types.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">dat</span> <span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kd">interface</span><span class="p">{}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -243,6 +258,7 @@ associated errors.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unmarshal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">byt</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">dat</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -261,6 +277,7 @@ the expected <code>float64</code> type.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">num</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">dat</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;num&quot;</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">float64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -275,6 +292,7 @@ casts.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">strs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">dat</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;strs&quot;</span><span class="p">].([]</span><span class="kd">interface</span><span class="p">{})</span>
<span class="nx">str1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">].(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">str1</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -293,6 +311,7 @@ data.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">str</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="s">`{&quot;page&quot;: 1, &quot;fruits&quot;: [&quot;apple&quot;, &quot;peach&quot;]}`</span>
<span class="nx">res</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">Response2</span><span class="p">{}</span>
<span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unmarshal</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">str</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -313,6 +332,7 @@ stream JSON encodings directly to <code>os.Writer</code>s like
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">enc</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">json</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewEncoder</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Stdout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">d</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;apple&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;lettuce&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">enc</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -331,6 +351,7 @@ stream JSON encodings directly to <code>os.Writer</code>s like
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run json.go
<span class="go">true</span>
<span class="go">1</span>
@ -361,6 +382,7 @@ for more.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

11
public/line-filters
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ line filters.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ pattern to write your own Go line filters.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/OSS71nSpkV"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ pattern to write your own Go line filters.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">&quot;bufio&quot;</span>
<span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ pattern to write your own Go line filters.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -86,6 +90,7 @@ that we&rsquo;ll use to read input line-by-line.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rdr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">bufio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewReader</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Stdin</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">out</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Stdout</span>
</pre></div>
@ -102,6 +107,7 @@ successive input lines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">line</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rdr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ReadString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">&#39;\n&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -117,6 +123,7 @@ error on this write as we do on the read.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">ucl</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ToUpper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">line</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">out</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">WriteString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ucl</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -135,6 +142,7 @@ end of input, so exit gracefully in that case.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">io</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">EOF</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -149,6 +157,7 @@ error and exit with non-zero status.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Fprintln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;error:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -171,6 +180,7 @@ lowercase lines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;hello&#39;</span> &gt; /tmp/lines
<span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;filter&#39;</span> &gt;&gt; /tmp/lines
</pre></div>
@ -184,6 +194,7 @@ lowercase lines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> cat /tmp/lines | go run line-filters.go
<span class="go">HELLO</span>
<span class="go">FILTER</span>

13
public/maps
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/D-F9YN_V8r"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -61,6 +64,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -74,6 +78,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">m</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ syntax.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;k1&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;k2&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">13</span>
</pre></div>
@ -101,6 +107,7 @@ its key/value pairs.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;map:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -113,6 +120,7 @@ its key/value pairs.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">v1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;k1&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;v1: &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -127,6 +135,7 @@ pairs when called on a map.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;len:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
@ -140,6 +149,7 @@ a map.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nb">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;k2&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;map:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -157,6 +167,7 @@ like <code>0</code> or <code>&quot;&quot;</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">prs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">&quot;k2&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;prs:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">prs</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -171,6 +182,7 @@ the same line with this syntax.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">n</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;map:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -190,6 +202,7 @@ printed with <code>fmt.Println</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run maps.go
<span class="go">map: map[k1:7 k2:13]</span>
<span class="go">v1: 7</span>

11
public/methods
View File

@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/254m_9Yjwa"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -49,6 +51,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -60,6 +63,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">rect</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -74,6 +78,7 @@
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ receiver types. Here&rsquo;s an example of a value receiver.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -102,6 +108,7 @@ receiver types. Here&rsquo;s an example of a value receiver.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -115,6 +122,7 @@ receiver types. Here&rsquo;s an example of a value receiver.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;area: &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;perim:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
@ -132,6 +140,7 @@ receiving struct.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rp</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">r</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;area: &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">rp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;perim:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">rp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">())</span>
@ -150,6 +159,7 @@ receiving struct.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run methods.go
<span class="go">area: 50</span>
<span class="go">perim: 30</span>
@ -168,6 +178,7 @@ naming related sets of methods: interfaces.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

9
public/multiple-return-values
View File

@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ to return both result and error values from a function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ to return both result and error values from a function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/LrDt1Wah0M"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ to return both result and error values from a function.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ the function returns 2 <code>int</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">vals</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ the function returns 2 <code>int</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -90,6 +95,7 @@ call with <em>multiple assignment</em>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">vals</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ use the blank identifier <code>_</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">vals</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -122,6 +129,7 @@ use the blank identifier <code>_</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run multiple-return-values.go
<span class="go">3</span>
<span class="go">7</span>
@ -139,6 +147,7 @@ feature of Go functions; we&rsquo;ll look at this next.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

16
public/mutexes
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ to safely access data across multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ to safely access data across multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/-_LKNceBru"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ to safely access data across multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="s">&quot;math/rand&quot;</span>
@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ to safely access data across multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -82,6 +86,7 @@ to safely access data across multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">state</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ to safely access data across multiple goroutines.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">mutex</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">sync</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Mutex</span><span class="p">{}</span>
</pre></div>
@ -108,6 +114,7 @@ operations we perform against the state.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">ops</span> <span class="kt">int64</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
@ -121,6 +128,7 @@ reads against the state.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">r</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">total</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
@ -141,6 +149,7 @@ the <code>ops</code> count.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">key</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Lock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nx">total</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">]</span>
@ -164,6 +173,7 @@ case we need to do it manually.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">runtime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Gosched</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}()</span>
@ -180,6 +190,7 @@ using the same pattern we did for reads.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
@ -205,6 +216,7 @@ using the same pattern we did for reads.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -217,6 +229,7 @@ using the same pattern we did for reads.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">opsFinal</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LoadInt64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">ops</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ops:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">opsFinal</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -230,6 +243,7 @@ using the same pattern we did for reads.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Lock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;state:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unlock</span><span class="p">()</span>
@ -251,6 +265,7 @@ using the same pattern we did for reads.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run mutexes.go
<span class="go">ops: 3598302</span>
<span class="go">state: map[1:38 4:98 2:23 3:85 0:44]</span>
@ -267,6 +282,7 @@ management task using only goroutines and channels.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

8
public/non-blocking-channel-operations
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ non-blocking multi-way <code>select</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ non-blocking multi-way <code>select</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/M972dltae2"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ non-blocking multi-way <code>select</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ non-blocking multi-way <code>select</code>s.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">signals</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -80,6 +84,7 @@ it will immediately take the <code>default</code> case.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">select</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">messages</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;received message&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ it will immediately take the <code>default</code> case.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="s">&quot;hi&quot;</span>
<span class="k">select</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span> <span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">:</span>
@ -118,6 +124,7 @@ on both <code>messages</code> and <code>signals</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">select</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="nx">messages</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;received message&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -141,6 +148,7 @@ on both <code>messages</code> and <code>signals</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run non-blocking-channel-operations.go
<span class="go">no message received</span>
<span class="go">no message sent</span>

12
public/number-parsing
View File

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ in many programs; here&rsquo;s how to do it in Go.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ in many programs; here&rsquo;s how to do it in Go.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/N90EppECFk"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ parsing.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;strconv&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ parsing.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ precision to parse.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ParseFloat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;1.234&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ bits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ParseInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;123&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -105,6 +111,7 @@ bits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ParseInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;0x1c8&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -118,6 +125,7 @@ bits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ParseUint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;789&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -132,6 +140,7 @@ bits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;135&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -145,6 +154,7 @@ bits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;wat&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
@ -162,6 +172,7 @@ bits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run number-parsing.go
<span class="go">1.234</span>
<span class="go">123</span>
@ -181,6 +192,7 @@ bits.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

9
public/panic
View File

@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ aren&rsquo;t prepared to handle gracefully.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ aren&rsquo;t prepared to handle gracefully.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/c86oXzfQOt"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ aren&rsquo;t prepared to handle gracefully.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ aren&rsquo;t prepared to handle gracefully.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
@ -77,6 +81,7 @@ site designed to panic.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;a problem&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ returns an error value that we don&rsquo;t know how to
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/tmp/file&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
@ -114,6 +120,7 @@ a non-zero status.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run panic.go
<span class="go">panic: a problem</span>
</pre></div>
@ -126,6 +133,7 @@ a non-zero status.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">goroutine 1 [running]:</span>
<span class="go">main.main()</span>
<span class="go"> /.../panic.go:12 +0x47</span>
@ -145,6 +153,7 @@ to use error-indicating return values wherever possible.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>

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