Go by Example: Atomic Counters

The primary mechanism for managing state in Go is communication over channels. We saw this for example with worker pools. There are a few other options for managing state though. Here we’ll look at using the `sync/atomic` package for atomic counters accessed by multiple goroutines.
	package main
	import "fmt" import "time" import "sync/atomic"
	func main() {
We’ll use an unsigned integer to represent our (always-positive) counter.	var ops uint64
To simulate concurrent updates, we’ll start 50 goroutines that each increment the counter about once a millisecond.	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ { go func() { for {
To atomically increment the counter we use `AddUint64`, giving it the memory address of our `ops` counter with the `&` syntax.	atomic.AddUint64(&ops, 1)
Wait a bit between increments.	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond) } }() }
Wait a second to allow some ops to accumulate.	time.Sleep(time.Second)
In order to safely use the counter while it’s still being updated by other goroutines, we extract a copy of the current value into `opsFinal` via `LoadUint64`. As above we need to give this function the memory address `&ops` from which to fetch the value.	opsFinal := atomic.LoadUint64(&ops) fmt.Println("ops:", opsFinal) }

Running the program shows that we executed about 40,000 operations.	$ go run atomic-counters.go ops: 41419
Next we’ll look at mutexes, another tool for managing state.

Next example: Mutexes.