203 lines
8.5 KiB
Plaintext
Generated
203 lines
8.5 KiB
Plaintext
Generated
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<title>Go by Example: Closing Channels</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="site.css" />
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</head>
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<script>
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onkeydown = (e) => {
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if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
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window.location.href = "non-blocking-channel-operations";
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if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
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window.location.href = "range-over-channels";
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</script>
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<body>
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<div class="example" id="closing-channels">
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<h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a>: Closing Channels</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>
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<em>Closing</em> a channel indicates that no more values will be
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sent on it. This can be useful to communicate completion to the
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channel’s receivers.
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty leading"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs"></td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/vCvRjcMq7p3"
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><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a
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><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<pre
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class="chroma"
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><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs"></td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<pre
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class="chroma"
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><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>
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In this example we’ll use a <code>jobs</code> channel to
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communicate work to be done from the <code>main()</code> goroutine
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to a worker goroutine. When we have no more jobs for the worker
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we’ll <code>close</code> the <code>jobs</code> channel.
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<pre class="chroma">
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<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>
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Here’s the worker goroutine. It repeatedly receives from
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<code>jobs</code> with <code>j, more := <-jobs</code>. In this
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special 2-value form of receive, the <code>more</code> value will
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be <code>false</code> if <code>jobs</code> has been
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<code>close</code>d and all values in the channel have already
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been received. We use this to notify on <code>done</code> when
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we’ve worked all our jobs.
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<pre class="chroma">
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<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">more</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">jobs</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">more</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"received job"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"received all jobs"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
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<span class="k">return</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}()</span>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>
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This sends 3 jobs to the worker over the
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<code>jobs</code> channel, then closes it.
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<pre class="chroma">
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">j</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sent job"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="nb">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">jobs</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sent all jobs"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>
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We await the worker using the
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<a href="channel-synchronization">synchronization</a> approach we
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saw earlier.
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<pre class="chroma">
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<span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">done</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs"></td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<pre
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class="chroma"
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><span class="gp">$</span> go run closing-channels.go
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<span class="go">sent job 1
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</span><span class="go">sent job 2
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</span><span class="go">sent job 3
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</span><span class="go">sent all jobs
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</span><span class="go">received job 1
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</span><span class="go">received job 2
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</span><span class="go">received job 3
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</span><span class="go">received all jobs</span></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>
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The idea of closed channels leads naturally to our next example:
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<code>range</code> over channels.
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty"></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Next example: <a href="range-over-channels">Range over Channels</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> and
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<a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net">Eli Bendersky</a> |
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<a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample">source</a> |
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<a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script>
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var codeLines = [];
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codeLines.push("");
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codeLines.push("package main\u000A");
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codeLines.push('import "fmt"\u000A');
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codeLines.push(
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"func main() {\u000A jobs :\u003D make(chan int, 5)\u000A done :\u003D make(chan bool)\u000A"
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);
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codeLines.push(
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' go func() {\u000A for {\u000A j, more :\u003D \u003C-jobs\u000A if more {\u000A fmt.Println("received job", j)\u000A } else {\u000A fmt.Println("received all jobs")\u000A done \u003C- true\u000A return\u000A }\u000A }\u000A }()\u000A'
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);
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codeLines.push(
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' for j :\u003D 1; j \u003C\u003D 3; j++ {\u000A jobs \u003C- j\u000A fmt.Println("sent job", j)\u000A }\u000A close(jobs)\u000A fmt.Println("sent all jobs")\u000A'
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);
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codeLines.push(" \u003C-done\u000A}\u000A");
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codeLines.push("");
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codeLines.push("");
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</script>
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<script src="site.js" async></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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