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gobyexample/public/switch
Mark McGranaghan cf4b676292 Use data uri to avoid requesting tiny image
2019-05-30 07:42:20 -07:00

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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Go by Example: Switch</title>
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<div class="example" id="switch">
<h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a>: Switch</h2>
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<p><em>Switch statements</em> express conditionals across many
branches.</p>
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/TJ4Az0KuLfL"><img title="Run code" class="run" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /></a>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;time&quot;</span>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<p>Here&rsquo;s a basic <code>switch</code>.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Write &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot; as &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
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<p>You can use commas to separate multiple expressions
in the same <code>case</code> statement. We use the optional
<code>default</code> case in this example as well.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Now</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="nx">Weekday</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Saturday</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sunday</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s the weekend&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s a weekday&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
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<p><code>switch</code> without an expression is an alternate way
to express if/else logic. Here we also show how the
<code>case</code> expressions can be non-constants.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Now</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Hour</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s before noon&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s after noon&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
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<p>A type <code>switch</code> compares types instead of values. You
can use this to discover the type of an interface
value. In this example, the variable <code>t</code> will have the
type corresponding to its clause.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">whatAmI</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span> <span class="kd">interface</span><span class="p">{})</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">.(</span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I&#39;m a bool&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I&#39;m an int&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Don&#39;t know type %T\n&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">whatAmI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">whatAmI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">whatAmI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hey&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run switch.go
<span class="go">Write 2 as two</span>
<span class="go">It&#39;s a weekday</span>
<span class="go">It&#39;s after noon</span>
<span class="go">I&#39;m a bool</span>
<span class="go">I&#39;m an int</span>
<span class="go">Don&#39;t know type string</span>
</pre></div>
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<p class="next">
Next example: <a href="arrays">Arrays</a>.
</p>
<p class="footer">
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/switch">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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