237 lines
12 KiB
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Generated
237 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
Generated
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Go by Example: Random Numbers</title>
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<div class="example" id="random-numbers">
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<h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a>: Random Numbers</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Go’s <code>math/rand</code> package provides
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator">pseudorandom number</a>
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generation.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty leading">
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</td>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/DVHO7SjJZnp"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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<span class="s">"math/rand"</span>
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<span class="s">"time"</span>
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<span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>For example, <code>rand.Intn</code> returns a random <code>int</code> n,
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<code>0 <= n < 100</code>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s">","</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p><code>rand.Float64</code> returns a <code>float64</code> <code>f</code>,
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<code>0.0 <= f < 1.0</code>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Float64</span><span class="p">())</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>This can be used to generate random floats in
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other ranges, for example <code>5.0 <= f' < 10.0</code>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Float64</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">","</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Float64</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>The default number generator is deterministic, so it’ll
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produce the same sequence of numbers each time by default.
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To produce varying sequences, give it a seed that changes.
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Note that this is not safe to use for random numbers you
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intend to be secret, use <code>crypto/rand</code> for those.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">s1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Now</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="nx">UnixNano</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<span class="nx">r1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Call the resulting <code>rand.Rand</code> just like the
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functions on the <code>rand</code> package.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s">","</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>If you seed a source with the same number, it
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produces the same sequence of random numbers.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">s2</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">r2</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s">","</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="nx">s3</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">r3</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s3</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s">","</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run random-numbers.go
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<span class="go">81,87</span>
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<span class="go">0.6645600532184904</span>
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<span class="go">7.123187485356329,8.434115364335547</span>
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<span class="go">0,28</span>
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<span class="go">5,87</span>
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<span class="go">5,87</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>See the <a href="http://golang.org/pkg/math/rand/"><code>math/rand</code></a>
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package docs for references on other random quantities
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that Go can provide.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty">
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Next example: <a href="number-parsing">Number Parsing</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/random-numbers">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script>
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var codeLines = [];
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codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"math/rand\"\u000A \"time\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Print(rand.Intn(100), \",\")\u000A fmt.Print(rand.Intn(100))\u000A fmt.Println()\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(rand.Float64())\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Print((rand.Float64()*5)+5, \",\")\u000A fmt.Print((rand.Float64() * 5) + 5)\u000A fmt.Println()\u000A');codeLines.push(' s1 := rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())\u000A r1 := rand.New(s1)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Print(r1.Intn(100), \",\")\u000A fmt.Print(r1.Intn(100))\u000A fmt.Println()\u000A');codeLines.push(' s2 := rand.NewSource(42)\u000A r2 := rand.New(s2)\u000A fmt.Print(r2.Intn(100), \",\")\u000A fmt.Print(r2.Intn(100))\u000A fmt.Println()\u000A s3 := rand.NewSource(42)\u000A r3 := rand.New(s3)\u000A fmt.Print(r3.Intn(100), \",\")\u000A fmt.Print(r3.Intn(100))\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
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