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<title>Go в примерах: Пути к файлам (File Paths)</title>
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<div class="example" id="file-paths">
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Пути к файлам (File Paths)</h2>
<table>
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<td class="docs">
<p>Пакет <code>filepath</code> предоставляет функции для разбора и
создания <em>путей к файлам</em> способом, который переносим
между операционными системами; например, <code>dir/file</code> в
Linux против <code>dir\file</code> в Windows.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/6VDVplbM_Sk" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
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<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="s">&quot;path/filepath&quot;</span>
<span class="s">&quot;strings&quot;</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
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<td class="docs">
<p><code>Join</code> должен использоваться для создания путей в
переносимом виде. Он принимает любое количество
аргументов и строит из них иерархический путь.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">p</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;dir1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;dir2&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;filename&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;p:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>Вы должны всегда использовать <code>Join</code> вместо ручного
объединения с помощью слешей <code>/</code> или <code>\</code>. В дополнение
к обеспечению переносимости, <code>Join</code> также нормализует
пути, удаляя лишние разделители.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;dir1//&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;filename&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;dir1/../dir1&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;filename&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
<p><code>Dir</code> и <code>Base</code> могут использоваться для разделения
пути к каталогу и файлу. В качестве альтернативы,
<code>Split</code> вернет оба в одном вызове.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Dir(p):&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Base(p):&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Base</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
<p>Можно проверить является ли путь абсолютным.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsAbs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;dir/file&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsAbs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;/dir/file&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">filename</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="s">&quot;config.json&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>Некоторые имена файлов имеют расширения, следующие
за точкой. Мы можем получить расширение из таких
имен с помощью <code>Ext</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">ext</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Ext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ext</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>Чтобы найти имя файла с удаленным расширением,
используйте <code>strings.TrimSuffix</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">TrimSuffix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">ext</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p><code>Rel</code> находит относительный путь между двумя путями
<em>base</em> и <em>target</em>. Возвращает ошибку, если <em>target</em>
не может быть получен из <em>base</em>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Rel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;a/b&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;a/b/t/file&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Rel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;a/b&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;a/c/t/file&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
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</table>
<table>
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<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run file-paths.go
<span class="go">p: dir1/dir2/filename</span>
<span class="go">dir1/filename</span>
<span class="go">dir1/filename</span>
<span class="go">Dir(p): dir1/dir2</span>
<span class="go">Base(p): filename</span>
<span class="go">false</span>
<span class="go">true</span>
<span class="go">.json</span>
<span class="go">config</span>
<span class="go">t/file</span>
<span class="go">../c/t/file</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="next">
Следующий пример: <a href="directories">Директории (Directories)</a>.
</p>
<p class="footer">
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/file-paths">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
<br/>
переведено Nick S. | <a href="https://github.com/badkaktus/gobyexample">исходники</a>
</p>
</div>
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