217 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
Generated
217 lines
8.3 KiB
Plaintext
Generated
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Go в примерах: Горутины (Goroutines)</title>
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<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
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</head>
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<script>
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<body>
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<div class="example" id="goroutines">
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<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Горутины (Goroutines)</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p><em>Горутины</em> - это легковесный тред.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty leading">
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/79i2V9dLU15" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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<span class="s">"time"</span>
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<span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">":"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Предположим, у нас есть вызов функции <code>f(s)</code>. Вот
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как мы бы вызвали её обычным способом, запустив
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синхронно.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"direct"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Чтобы вызвать эту функцию в горутине, используйте
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<code>go f(s)</code>. Эта новая горутина будет выполняться
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одновременно с вызывающей фукнцией.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"goroutine"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Вы так же можете вызывать анонимные функции в
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горутнах.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}(</span><span class="s">"going"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Наши две функции теперь выполняются асинхронно в
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отдельных горутинах. Дождитесь их окончания (для
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более надежного подхода используйте <a href="waitgroups">WaitGroup</a>).</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"done"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Когда мы запускаем эту программу, мы видим сначала
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вывод блокирующего вызова, а затем чередующийся вывод
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двух горутин. Это чередование отражает выполнение
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горутин, одновременно выполняемых средой выполнения Go.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run goroutines.go
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<span class="go">direct : 0</span>
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<span class="go">direct : 1</span>
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<span class="go">direct : 2</span>
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<span class="go">goroutine : 0</span>
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<span class="go">going</span>
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<span class="go">goroutine : 1</span>
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<span class="go">goroutine : 2</span>
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<span class="go">done</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Далее мы рассмотрим дополнение к горутинам в
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параллельных программах Go: каналы.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty">
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Следующий пример: <a href="channels">Каналы (Channels)</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/goroutines">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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<br/>
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переведено Nick S. | <a href="https://github.com/badkaktus/gobyexample">исходники</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script>
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var codeLines = [];
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</script>
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<script src="site.js" async></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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