355 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
Generated
355 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
Generated
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||
<title>Go в примерах: Регулярные выражения (Regular Expressions)</title>
|
||
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
|
||
</head>
|
||
<script>
|
||
onkeydown = (e) => {
|
||
|
||
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
|
||
window.location.href = 'string-formatting';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
|
||
window.location.href = 'json';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<div class="example" id="regular-expressions">
|
||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Регулярные выражения (Regular Expressions)</h2>
|
||
|
||
<table>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Go предлагает встроенную поддержку <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression">регулярных выражений</a>.
|
||
Вот несколько примеров, связанных с регулярными
|
||
выражениями в Go.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/GB_bgVcRKg2" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="s">"bytes"</span>
|
||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||
<span class="s">"regexp"</span>
|
||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Проверяем, соответствует ли шаблон строке</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">match</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">regexp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">MatchString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"p([a-z]+)ch"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"peach"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">match</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Выше мы использовали строковый шаблон напрямую,
|
||
но для других задач с регулярными выражениями,
|
||
необходимо <code>скомпилировать</code> оптимизированную
|
||
структуру <code>Regexp</code>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">regexp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"p([a-z]+)ch"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Множество методов доступны для этой структуры.
|
||
Вот тест на совпадение, который мы видели ранее.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">MatchString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Этот метод находит соответствие для регулярного
|
||
выражения.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FindString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach punch"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Этот метод также находит первое совпадение, но
|
||
возвращает начальный и конечный индексы совпадения
|
||
вместо текста.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FindStringIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach punch"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Варианты <code>Submatch</code> включают в себя информацию
|
||
как о совпадениях с полным шаблоном, так и о
|
||
совпадениях с частями шаблона. Например, эта
|
||
конструкция вернет информацию как
|
||
для <code>p([a-z]+)ch</code>, так и для <code>([a-z]+)</code>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FindStringSubmatch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach punch"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Точно так же это возвратит информацию об индексах
|
||
совпадений и подсовпадений.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FindStringSubmatchIndex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach punch"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Метод <code>All</code> применяется ко всем совпадениям на входе,
|
||
а не только к первому. Например, чтобы найти все
|
||
совпадения для регулярного выражения.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FindAllString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach punch pinch"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Этот метод <code>All</code> доступен и для других функций,
|
||
которые мы видели выше.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FindAllStringSubmatchIndex</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="s">"peach punch pinch"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Указание неотрицательного целого числа в качестве
|
||
второго аргумента для этих функций ограничит
|
||
количество совпадений.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FindAllString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach punch pinch"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>В наших примерах выше были строковые аргументы и
|
||
использовались такие имена, как <code>MatchString</code>. Мы
|
||
также можем предоставить <code>[]byte</code> аргументы и удалить
|
||
<code>String</code> из имени функции.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Match</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"peach"</span><span class="p">)))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>При создании констант с регулярными выражениями
|
||
вы можете использовать <code>MustCompile</code>, как аналог
|
||
<code>Compile</code>. Обычный <code>Compile</code> не будет работать
|
||
для констант, потому что он возвращает 2 значения.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">r</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">regexp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">MustCompile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"p([a-z]+)ch"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Пакет <code>regexp</code> также можно использовать для
|
||
замены подмножеств строк другими значениями.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ReplaceAllString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"a peach"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"<fruit>"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Вариант с <code>Func</code> позволяет вам преобразовывать
|
||
сопоставленный текст с заданной функцией.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">in</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"a peach"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">out</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ReplaceAllFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">in</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">bytes</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ToUpper</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">out</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<table>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code leading">
|
||
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run regular-expressions.go
|
||
<span class="go">true</span>
|
||
<span class="go">true</span>
|
||
<span class="go">peach</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[0 5]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[peach ea]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[0 5 1 3]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[peach punch pinch]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[[0 5 1 3] [6 11 7 9] [12 17 13 15]]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">[peach punch]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">true</span>
|
||
<span class="go">p([a-z]+)ch</span>
|
||
<span class="go">a <fruit></span>
|
||
<span class="go">a PEACH</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td class="docs">
|
||
<p>Для получения полной ссылки на регулярные выражения Go
|
||
проверьте документацию пакета <a href="http://golang.org/pkg/regexp/"><code>regexp</code></a>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td class="code empty">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p class="next">
|
||
Следующий пример: <a href="json">JSON</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class="footer">
|
||
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/regular-expressions">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
переведено Nick S. | <a href="https://github.com/badkaktus/gobyexample">исходники</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script>
|
||
var codeLines = [];
|
||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"bytes\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"regexp\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' match, _ := regexp.MatchString(\"p([a-z]+)ch\", \"peach\")\u000A fmt.Println(match)\u000A');codeLines.push(' r, _ := regexp.Compile(\"p([a-z]+)ch\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.MatchString(\"peach\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.FindString(\"peach punch\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.FindStringIndex(\"peach punch\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.FindStringSubmatch(\"peach punch\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.FindStringSubmatchIndex(\"peach punch\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.FindAllString(\"peach punch pinch\", -1))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.FindAllStringSubmatchIndex(\u000A \"peach punch pinch\", -1))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.FindAllString(\"peach punch pinch\", 2))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.Match([]byte(\"peach\")))\u000A');codeLines.push(' r = regexp.MustCompile(\"p([a-z]+)ch\")\u000A fmt.Println(r)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(r.ReplaceAllString(\"a peach\", \"\x3Cfruit\x3E\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' in := []byte(\"a peach\")\u000A out := r.ReplaceAllFunc(in, bytes.ToUpper)\u000A fmt.Println(string(out))\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|