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219 lines
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Go в примерах: Строковые функции (String Functions)</title>
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<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
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</head>
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<script>
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onkeydown = (e) => {
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if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
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window.location.href = 'collection-functions';
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if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
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window.location.href = 'string-formatting';
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}
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<body>
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<div class="example" id="string-functions">
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<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Строковые функции (String Functions)</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Стандартная библиотека пакета <code>strings</code> предоставляет
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множество удобных функций для работы со строками. Вот
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некоторые из них.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty leading">
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/UeDwSoYepQt" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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<span class="nx">s</span> <span class="s">"strings"</span>
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<span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Создаем алиас для функции <code>fmt.Println</code>, т.к. далее мы будем
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часто вызывать эту функцию.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">p</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Данные функции доступны в пакете <code>strings</code>. Обратите внимание,
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что все эти функции из пакета, а не методы строковых объектов.
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Это означает, что нам необходимо передать первым аргументом
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функции, строку, над которой мы производим операцию. Вы можете
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найти больше строковых функций в <a href="http://golang.org/pkg/strings/"><code>официальной документации
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к пакету</code></a>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Contains: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"es"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Count: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"t"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"HasPrefix: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HasPrefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"te"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"HasSuffix: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HasSuffix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"st"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Index: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"e"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Join: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Join</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"a"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"b"</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="s">"-"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Repeat: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Repeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"a"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Replace: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"o"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"0"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Replace: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"o"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"0"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Split: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"a-b-c-d-e"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ToLower: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ToLower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"TEST"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ToUpper: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ToUpper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Примеры ниже не относятся к пакету <code>strings</code>, но о них
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стоит упомянуть - это механизмы для получения длины
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строки и получение символа по индексу.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Len: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"hello"</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Char:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"hello"</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Обратите внимание, что <code>len</code> и индексация выше работают на
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уровне байтов. Go использует строки в кодировке UTF-8, так
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что это часто полезно как есть. Если вы работаете с
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потенциально многобайтовыми символами, вам нужно использовать
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операции с кодировкой. Смотрите <a href="https://blog.golang.org/strings">строки, байты, руны и символы
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в Go</a> для получения дополнительной
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информации.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty">
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run string-functions.go
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<span class="go">Contains: true</span>
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<span class="go">Count: 2</span>
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<span class="go">HasPrefix: true</span>
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<span class="go">HasSuffix: true</span>
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<span class="go">Index: 1</span>
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<span class="go">Join: a-b</span>
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<span class="go">Repeat: aaaaa</span>
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<span class="go">Replace: f00</span>
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<span class="go">Replace: f0o</span>
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<span class="go">Split: [a b c d e]</span>
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<span class="go">ToLower: test</span>
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<span class="go">ToUpper: TEST</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">Len: 5</span>
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<span class="go">Char: 101</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Следующий пример: <a href="string-formatting">Форматирование строк (String Formatting)</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/string-functions">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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<br/>
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переведено Nick S. | <a href="https://github.com/badkaktus/gobyexample">исходники</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script src="site.js" async></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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