243 lines
12 KiB
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243 lines
12 KiB
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Go в примерах: Парсинг URL (URL Parsing)</title>
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<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
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if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
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window.location.href = 'number-parsing';
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if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
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window.location.href = 'sha1-hashes';
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<div class="example" id="url-parsing">
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<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Парсинг URL (URL Parsing)</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>URL - это <a href="https://adam.herokuapp.com/past/2010/3/30/urls_are_the_uniform_way_to_locate_resources/">уникальный локатор ресурса</a>.
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Рассмотрим как парсить URL в Go.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty leading">
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<td class="docs">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/Zt1KHMGZESo" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre></div>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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<span class="s">"net"</span>
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<span class="s">"net/url"</span>
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<span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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<td class="docs">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Мы будем разбирать этот URL, который содержит схему,
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аутентификационные данные, хост, порт, путь, параметры
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и фрагмент запроса.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">s</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="s">"postgres://user:pass@host.com:5432/path?k=v#f"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Парсим URL и убеждаемся, что нет ошибок.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">url</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Получаем схему</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Scheme</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p><code>User</code> содержит всю аутентификационную информацию; используйте
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<code>Username</code> и <code>Password</code> если надо получить конкретное поле.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">User</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">User</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Username</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">User</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Password</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p><code>Host</code> содержит поля хост и порт, если они определены.
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Воспользуйтесь <code>SplitHostPort</code>, чтобы разделить их.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Host</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">host</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">port</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">net</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">SplitHostPort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Host</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">host</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">port</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Так можно получить <code>путь</code> и фрагмент после <code>#</code>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Path</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Fragment</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Для получения параметров в строке вида <code>k=v</code>
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используйте <code>RawQuery</code>. Вы так же можете разобрать
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запрос в карту. Разобранный запрос в карту из строк
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превращается в срез строк, так первый элемент будет
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находиться по адресу <code>[0]</code>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">RawQuery</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">url</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ParseQuery</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">RawQuery</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"k"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Запуск нашей программы парсинга URL показывает все
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различные фрагменты, которые мы извлекли.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run url-parsing.go
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<span class="go">postgres</span>
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<span class="go">user:pass</span>
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<span class="go">user</span>
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<span class="go">pass</span>
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<span class="go">host.com:5432</span>
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<span class="go">host.com</span>
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<span class="go">5432</span>
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<span class="go">/path</span>
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<span class="go">f</span>
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<span class="go">k=v</span>
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<span class="go">map[k:[v]]</span>
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<span class="go">v</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Следующий пример: <a href="sha1-hashes">Хеш SHA1 (SHA1 Hashes)</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/url-parsing">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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<br/>
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переведено Nick S. | <a href="https://github.com/badkaktus/gobyexample">исходники</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script>
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var codeLines = [];
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codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"net\"\u000A \"net/url\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' s := \"postgres://user:pass@host.com:5432/path?k=v#f\"\u000A');codeLines.push(' u, err := url.Parse(s)\u000A if err != nil {\u000A panic(err)\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(u.Scheme)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(u.User)\u000A fmt.Println(u.User.Username())\u000A p, _ := u.User.Password()\u000A fmt.Println(p)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(u.Host)\u000A host, port, _ := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host)\u000A fmt.Println(host)\u000A fmt.Println(port)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(u.Path)\u000A fmt.Println(u.Fragment)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(u.RawQuery)\u000A m, _ := url.ParseQuery(u.RawQuery)\u000A fmt.Println(m)\u000A fmt.Println(m[\"k\"][0])\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
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</script>
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<script src="site.js" async></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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