234 lines
11 KiB
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234 lines
11 KiB
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Go в примерах: Пулы воркеров (Worker Pools)</title>
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<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
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</head>
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<script>
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window.location.href = 'tickers';
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window.location.href = 'waitgroups';
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<body>
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<div class="example" id="worker-pools">
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<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Пулы воркеров (Worker Pools)</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>В этом примере мы рассмотрим, как реализовать
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<em>пул воркеров</em> с использованием каналов и
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горутин.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty leading">
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/79qTVPHnwGQ" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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<span class="s">"time"</span>
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<span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Это воркер, который мы будем запускать в нескольких
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параллельных инстансах. Эти воркеры будут получать
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задания через канал <code>jobs</code> и отсылать результаты
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в <code>results</code>. Мы будем ожидать одну секунду для
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каждого задания для имитации тяжелого запроса.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">worker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">results</span> <span class="kd">chan</span><span class="o"><-</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"worker"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"started job"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"worker"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"finished job"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">results</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Чтобы использовать наш воркер пул, нам нужно
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отправить им задание и получить результаты выполнения.
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Для этого мы делаем 2 канала.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">results</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Стартуем 3 воркера, первоначально заблокированных,
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т.к. еще нет заданий.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">go</span> <span class="nx">worker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">jobs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">results</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Посылаем 5 <code>заданий (jobs)</code> и затем <code>закрываем</code>
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канал, сообщая о том что все задания отправлены.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">j</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="nb">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">jobs</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Наконец мы собираем все результаты. Это также
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гарантирует, что горутины закончились. Альтернативный
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способ ожидания нескольких процедур заключается
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в использовании <a href="waitgroups">WaitGroup</a>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">results</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Наша программа показывает 5 заданий, выполняемых
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различными воркерами. Программа занимает всего около
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2 секунд, несмотря на выполнение около 5 секунд общей
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работы, потому что одновременно работают 3 воркера.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">time</span> go run worker-pools.go
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<span class="go">worker 1 started job 1</span>
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<span class="go">worker 2 started job 2</span>
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<span class="go">worker 3 started job 3</span>
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<span class="go">worker 1 finished job 1</span>
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<span class="go">worker 1 started job 4</span>
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<span class="go">worker 2 finished job 2</span>
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<span class="go">worker 2 started job 5</span>
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<span class="go">worker 3 finished job 3</span>
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<span class="go">worker 1 finished job 4</span>
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<span class="go">worker 2 finished job 5</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">real 0m2.358s</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Следующий пример: <a href="waitgroups">WaitGroups</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/worker-pools">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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<br/>
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переведено Nick S. | <a href="https://github.com/badkaktus/gobyexample">исходники</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script>
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codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"time\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func worker(id int, jobs \x3C-chan int, results chan\x3C- int) {\u000A for j := range jobs {\u000A fmt.Println(\"worker\", id, \"started job\", j)\u000A time.Sleep(time.Second)\u000A fmt.Println(\"worker\", id, \"finished job\", j)\u000A results \x3C- j * 2\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' jobs := make(chan int, 100)\u000A results := make(chan int, 100)\u000A');codeLines.push(' for w := 1; w \x3C= 3; w++ {\u000A go worker(w, jobs, results)\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' for j := 1; j \x3C= 5; j++ {\u000A jobs \x3C- j\u000A }\u000A close(jobs)\u000A');codeLines.push(' for a := 1; a \x3C= 5; a++ {\u000A \x3C-results\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
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</script>
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<script src="site.js" async></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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