301 lines
13 KiB
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301 lines
13 KiB
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Go в примерах: Запись файлов (Writing Files)</title>
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<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
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</head>
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<script>
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onkeydown = (e) => {
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if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
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window.location.href = 'reading-files';
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}
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if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
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window.location.href = 'line-filters';
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}
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}
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</script>
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<body>
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<div class="example" id="writing-files">
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<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Запись файлов (Writing Files)</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Запись файло в Go следует тем же шаблонам, что мы
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видели ранее в главе “<code>Чтение</code>”.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty leading">
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/LscGbwmQZns" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
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<span class="s">"bufio"</span>
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<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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<span class="s">"io/ioutil"</span>
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<span class="s">"os"</span>
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<span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span> <span class="kt">error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>В этом примере показано вот как записать строку
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(или только байты) в файл.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">d1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"hello\ngo\n"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">ioutil</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">WriteFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/tmp/dat1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">d1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mo">0644</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Для более детальной записи откройте файл для записи.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Create</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/tmp/dat2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Идиоматично откладывать <code>закрытие</code> с помощью <code>defer</code>‘a
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сразу после открытия файла.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">defer</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Close</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Вы можете <code>записать</code> срез байт, как и ожидается.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">d2</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">115</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">111</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">109</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">101</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"wrote %d bytes\n"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">n2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Запись строки <code>WriteString</code> так же доступна.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">n3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">WriteString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"writes\n"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"wrote %d bytes\n"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">n3</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Выполните синхронизацию <code>Sync</code> для сброса записей
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в стабильное хранилище.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sync</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p><code>bufio</code> предоставляет буферизованных <code>писателей</code>
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в дополнение к буферизованным <code>читателям</code>, которые
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мы видели ранее.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">bufio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewWriter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">n4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">WriteString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"buffered\n"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"wrote %d bytes\n"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">n4</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Используйте <code>Flush</code>, чтобы убедиться, что все
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буферизованные операции были применены к основному
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модулю записи.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Flush</span><span class="p">()</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Пробуем запустить запись в файл.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run writing-files.go
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<span class="go">wrote 5 bytes</span>
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<span class="go">wrote 7 bytes</span>
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<span class="go">wrote 9 bytes</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Потом проверим, что контент появился в файлах.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> cat /tmp/dat1
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<span class="go">hello</span>
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<span class="go">go</span>
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<span class="gp">$</span> cat /tmp/dat2
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<span class="go">some</span>
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<span class="go">writes</span>
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<span class="go">buffered</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Далее мы рассмотрим применение некоторых идей файлового
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ввода-вывода, которые мы только что видели, к потокам
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<code>stdin</code> и <code>stdout</code>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty">
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Следующий пример: <a href="line-filters">Строковые фильтры (Line Filters)</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/writing-files">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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<br/>
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переведено Nick S. | <a href="https://github.com/badkaktus/gobyexample">исходники</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script>
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var codeLines = [];
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codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"bufio\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"io/ioutil\"\u000A \"os\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func check(e error) {\u000A if e != nil {\u000A panic(e)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' d1 := []byte(\"hello\\ngo\\n\")\u000A err := ioutil.WriteFile(\"/tmp/dat1\", d1, 0644)\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' f, err := os.Create(\"/tmp/dat2\")\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' defer f.Close()\u000A');codeLines.push(' d2 := []byte{115, 111, 109, 101, 10}\u000A n2, err := f.Write(d2)\u000A check(err)\u000A fmt.Printf(\"wrote %d bytes\\n\", n2)\u000A');codeLines.push(' n3, err := f.WriteString(\"writes\\n\")\u000A fmt.Printf(\"wrote %d bytes\\n\", n3)\u000A');codeLines.push(' f.Sync()\u000A');codeLines.push(' w := bufio.NewWriter(f)\u000A n4, err := w.WriteString(\"buffered\\n\")\u000A fmt.Printf(\"wrote %d bytes\\n\", n4)\u000A');codeLines.push(' w.Flush()\u000A');codeLines.push('}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
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<script src="site.js" async></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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