gobyexample/public/number-parsing
2021-09-02 10:26:17 -07:00

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<h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a>: Number Parsing</h2>
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<p>Parsing numbers from strings is a basic but common task
in many programs; here&rsquo;s how to do it in Go.</p>
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/ZAMEid6Fpmu"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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<p>The built-in package <code>strconv</code> provides the number
parsing.</p>
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<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">&#34;fmt&#34;</span>
<span class="s">&#34;strconv&#34;</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
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<pre class="chroma"><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<p>With <code>ParseFloat</code>, this <code>64</code> tells how many bits of
precision to parse.</p>
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<span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">ParseFloat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;1.234&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<p>For <code>ParseInt</code>, the <code>0</code> means infer the base from
the string. <code>64</code> requires that the result fit in 64
bits.</p>
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<span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">ParseInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;123&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<p><code>ParseInt</code> will recognize hex-formatted numbers.</p>
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<span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">ParseInt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;0x1c8&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<p>A <code>ParseUint</code> is also available.</p>
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<span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">ParseUint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;789&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">u</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<p><code>Atoi</code> is a convenience function for basic base-10
<code>int</code> parsing.</p>
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<span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;135&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<p>Parse functions return an error on bad input.</p>
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<span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strconv</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Atoi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&#34;wat&#34;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
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<pre class="chroma"><span class="gp">$</span> go run number-parsing.go
<span class="go">1.234
</span><span class="go">123
</span><span class="go">456
</span><span class="go">789
</span><span class="go">135
</span><span class="go">strconv.ParseInt: parsing &#34;wat&#34;: invalid syntax</span></pre>
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<p>Next we&rsquo;ll look at another common parsing task: URLs.</p>
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<p class="next">
Next example: <a href="url-parsing">URL Parsing</a>.
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<p class="footer">
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> and <a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net">Eli Bendersky</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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