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8.6 KiB
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206 lines
8.6 KiB
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Generated
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Go в примерах: Методы (Methods)</title>
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<div class="example" id="methods">
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<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Методы (Methods)</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Go поддерживает <em>методы</em> для структур</p>
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<td class="code empty leading">
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<td class="docs">
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<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/qfALObNYETK" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">rect</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Метод <code>area</code> принимает <em>получателя</em> <code>*rect</code>.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Методы могут принимать как указатели, так и значения.
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Вот пример со значением.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Вызываем 2 метода, определенные для нашей структуры.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"area: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"perim:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">())</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Go автоматически обрабатывает преобразование между
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значениями и указателями при вызове методов.
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Возможно, вы захотите использовать указатель в
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качестве получателя, чтобы избежать копирования при вызове
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метода или позволить методу изменять структуру
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получателя.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rp</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">r</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"area: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">rp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"perim:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">rp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">())</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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</td>
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<td class="code leading">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run methods.go
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<span class="go">area: 50</span>
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<span class="go">perim: 30</span>
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<span class="go">area: 50</span>
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<span class="go">perim: 30</span>
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</pre></div>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="docs">
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<p>Далее мы рассмотрим механизм Go для группировки
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и именования связанных наборов методов: интерфейсов.</p>
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</td>
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<td class="code empty">
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p class="next">
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Следующий пример: <a href="interfaces">Интерфейсы (Interfaces)</a>.
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</p>
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<p class="footer">
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/methods">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<script>
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var codeLines = [];
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codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('type rect struct {\u000A width, height int\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func (r *rect) area() int {\u000A return r.width * r.height\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func (r rect) perim() int {\u000A return 2*r.width + 2*r.height\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A r := rect{width: 10, height: 5}\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"area: \", r.area())\u000A fmt.Println(\"perim:\", r.perim())\u000A');codeLines.push(' rp := &r\u000A fmt.Println(\"area: \", rp.area())\u000A fmt.Println(\"perim:\", rp.perim())\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
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</script>
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<script src="site.js" async></script>
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</body>
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</html>
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