Hana 9e216da9ef go.mod: add go.mod and move pygments to third_party
After go1.16, go will use module mode by default,
even when the repository is checked out under GOPATH
or in a one-off directory. Add go.mod, go.sum to keep
this repo buildable without opting out of the module
mode.

> go mod init github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample
> go mod tidy
> go mod vendor

In module mode, the 'vendor' directory is special
and its contents will be actively maintained by the
go command. pygments aren't the dependency the go will
know about, so it will delete the contents from vendor
directory. Move it to `third_party` directory now.

And, vendor the blackfriday package.

Note: the tutorial contents are not affected by the
change in go1.16 because all the examples in this
tutorial ask users to run the go command with the
explicit list of files to be compiled (e.g.
`go run hello-world.go` or `go build command-line-arguments.go`).
When the source list is provided, the go command does
not have to compute the build list and whether it's
running in GOPATH mode or module mode becomes irrelevant.
2021-02-15 16:45:26 -05:00

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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Go by Example: Switch</title>
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
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<body>
<div class="example" id="switch">
<h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a>: Switch</h2>
<table>
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<td class="docs">
<p><em>Switch statements</em> express conditionals across many
branches.</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/qVDqWoUQ6AI"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
<span class="s">&quot;time&quot;</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<td class="docs">
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<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td class="docs">
<p>Here&rsquo;s a basic <code>switch</code>.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Write &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot; as &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
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<td class="docs">
<p>You can use commas to separate multiple expressions
in the same <code>case</code> statement. We use the optional
<code>default</code> case in this example as well.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Now</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="nx">Weekday</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Saturday</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sunday</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s the weekend&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s a weekday&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p><code>switch</code> without an expression is an alternate way
to express if/else logic. Here we also show how the
<code>case</code> expressions can be non-constants.</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Now</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Hour</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s before noon&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;It&#39;s after noon&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>A type <code>switch</code> compares types instead of values. You
can use this to discover the type of an interface
value. In this example, the variable <code>t</code> will have the
type corresponding to its clause.</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">whatAmI</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span> <span class="kd">interface</span><span class="p">{})</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">.(</span><span class="kd">type</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I&#39;m a bool&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;I&#39;m an int&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Don&#39;t know type %T\n&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">whatAmI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">whatAmI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">whatAmI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hey&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run switch.go
<span class="go">Write 2 as two</span>
<span class="go">It&#39;s a weekday</span>
<span class="go">It&#39;s after noon</span>
<span class="go">I&#39;m a bool</span>
<span class="go">I&#39;m an int</span>
<span class="go">Don&#39;t know type string</span>
</pre></div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="next">
Next example: <a href="arrays">Arrays</a>.
</p>
<p class="footer">
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/switch">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
</p>
</div>
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