badkaktus
GitHub
commit
d312f6245f
148
examples.txt
148
examples.txt
@ -1,74 +1,74 @@
|
||||
Hello World
|
||||
Типы данных (Values)
|
||||
Переменные (Variables)
|
||||
Константы (Constants)
|
||||
Цикл For
|
||||
If/Else
|
||||
Switch
|
||||
Массивы (Arrays)
|
||||
Срезы (Slices)
|
||||
Карты (Maps)
|
||||
Ряд (Range)
|
||||
Функции (Functions)
|
||||
Функции с множественным возвратом (Multiple Return Values)
|
||||
Функции с переменным числом аргументов (Variadic Functions)
|
||||
Замыкания (Closures)
|
||||
Рекурсия (Recursion)
|
||||
Указатели (Pointers)
|
||||
Структуры (Structs)
|
||||
Методы (Methods)
|
||||
Интерфейсы (Interfaces)
|
||||
Ошибки (Errors)
|
||||
Горутины (Goroutines)
|
||||
Каналы (Channels)
|
||||
Буферизированный канал (Channel Buffering)
|
||||
Синхронизация канала (Channel Synchronization)
|
||||
Направления канала (Channel Directions)
|
||||
Select
|
||||
Тайм-ауты (Timeouts)
|
||||
Неблокируемые операции в каналах (Non-Blocking Channel Operations)
|
||||
Закрытие каналов (Closing Channels)
|
||||
Перебор значений из каналов (Range over Channels)
|
||||
Таймеры (Timers)
|
||||
Тикеры (повторения) (Tickers)
|
||||
Пулы воркеров (Worker Pools)
|
||||
WaitGroups
|
||||
Ограничение скорости (Rate Limiting)
|
||||
Атомарные счетчики (Atomic Counters)
|
||||
Мьютексы (Mutexes)
|
||||
Управление состоянием горутин (Stateful Goroutines)
|
||||
Сортировка (Sorting)
|
||||
Сортировка через функции (Sorting by Functions)
|
||||
Panic
|
||||
Defer
|
||||
Функции коллекции (Collection Functions)
|
||||
Строковые функции (String Functions)
|
||||
Форматирование строк (String Formatting)
|
||||
Регулярные выражения (Regular Expressions)
|
||||
JSON
|
||||
XML
|
||||
Время (Time)
|
||||
Epoch
|
||||
Форматирование времени (Time Formatting / Parsing)
|
||||
Случайные числа (Random Numbers)
|
||||
Парсинг чисел (Number Parsing)
|
||||
Парсинг URL (URL Parsing)
|
||||
Хеш SHA1 (SHA1 Hashes)
|
||||
Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)
|
||||
Чтение файлов (Reading Files)
|
||||
Запись файлов (Writing Files)
|
||||
Строковые фильтры (Line Filters)
|
||||
Пути к файлам (File Paths)
|
||||
Директории (Directories)
|
||||
Временные файлы и директории (Temporary Files and Directories)
|
||||
Тестирование (Testing)
|
||||
Аргументы командной строки (Command-Line Arguments)
|
||||
Флаги командной строки (Command-Line Flags)
|
||||
Подкоманды командной строки (Command-Line Subcommands)
|
||||
Переменные среды (Environment Variables)
|
||||
HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)
|
||||
HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)
|
||||
Порождающие процессы (Spawning Processes)
|
||||
Исполняющие процессы (Exec'ing Processes)
|
||||
Сигналы (Signals)
|
||||
Выход (Exit)
|
||||
Hello World|Hello World
|
||||
Типы данных (Values)|Values
|
||||
Переменные (Variables)|Variables
|
||||
Константы (Constants)|Constants
|
||||
Цикл For|For
|
||||
If/Else|If/Else
|
||||
Switch|Switch
|
||||
Массивы (Arrays)|Arrays
|
||||
Срезы (Slices)|Slices
|
||||
Карты (Maps)|Maps
|
||||
Ряд (Range)|Range
|
||||
Функции (Functions)|Functions
|
||||
Функции с множественным возвратом (Multiple Return Values)|Multiple Return Values
|
||||
Функции с переменным числом аргументов (Variadic Functions)|Variadic Functions
|
||||
Замыкания (Closures)|Closures
|
||||
Рекурсия (Recursion)|Recursion
|
||||
Указатели (Pointers)|Pointers
|
||||
Структуры (Structs)|Structs
|
||||
Методы (Methods)|Methods
|
||||
Интерфейсы (Interfaces)|Interfaces
|
||||
Ошибки (Errors)|Errors
|
||||
Горутины (Goroutines)|Goroutines
|
||||
Каналы (Channels)|Channels
|
||||
Буферизированный канал (Channel Buffering)|Channel Buffering
|
||||
Синхронизация канала (Channel Synchronization)|Channel Synchronization
|
||||
Направления канала (Channel Directions)|Channel Directions
|
||||
Select|Select
|
||||
Тайм-ауты (Timeouts)|Timeouts
|
||||
Неблокируемые операции в каналах (Non-Blocking Channel Operations)|Non-Blocking Channel Operations
|
||||
Закрытие каналов (Closing Channels)|Closing Channels
|
||||
Перебор значений из каналов (Range over Channels)|Range over Channels
|
||||
Таймеры (Timers)|Timers
|
||||
Тикеры (повторения) (Tickers)|Tickers
|
||||
Пулы воркеров (Worker Pools)|Worker Pools
|
||||
WaitGroups|WaitGroups
|
||||
Ограничение скорости (Rate Limiting)|Rate Limiting
|
||||
Атомарные счетчики (Atomic Counters)|Atomic Counters
|
||||
Мьютексы (Mutexes)|Mutexes
|
||||
Управление состоянием горутин (Stateful Goroutines)|Stateful Goroutines
|
||||
Сортировка (Sorting)|Sorting
|
||||
Сортировка через функции (Sorting by Functions)|Sorting by Functions
|
||||
Panic|Panic
|
||||
Defer|Defer
|
||||
Функции коллекции (Collection Functions)|Collection Functions
|
||||
Строковые функции (String Functions)|String Functions
|
||||
Форматирование строк (String Formatting)|String Formatting
|
||||
Регулярные выражения (Regular Expressions)|Regular Expressions
|
||||
JSON|JSON
|
||||
XML|XML
|
||||
Время (Time)|Time
|
||||
Epoch|Epoch
|
||||
Форматирование времени (Time Formatting / Parsing)|Time Formatting / Parsing
|
||||
Случайные числа (Random Numbers)|Random Numbers
|
||||
Парсинг чисел (Number Parsing)|Number Parsing
|
||||
Парсинг URL (URL Parsing)|URL Parsing
|
||||
Хеш SHA1 (SHA1 Hashes)|SHA1 Hashes
|
||||
Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)|Base64 Encoding
|
||||
Чтение файлов (Reading Files)|Reading Files
|
||||
Запись файлов (Writing Files)|Writing Files
|
||||
Строковые фильтры (Line Filters)|Line Filters
|
||||
Пути к файлам (File Paths)|File Paths
|
||||
Директории (Directories)|Directories
|
||||
Временные файлы и директории (Temporary Files and Directories)|Temporary Files and Directories
|
||||
Тестирование (Testing)|Testing
|
||||
Аргументы командной строки (Command-Line Arguments)|Command-Line Arguments
|
||||
Флаги командной строки (Command-Line Flags)|Command-Line Flags
|
||||
Подкоманды командной строки (Command-Line Subcommands)|Command-Line Subcommands
|
||||
Переменные среды (Environment Variables)|Environment Variables
|
||||
HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)|HTTP Clients
|
||||
HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)|HTTP Servers
|
||||
Порождающие процессы (Spawning Processes)|Spawning Processes
|
||||
Исполняющие процессы (Exec'ing Processes)|Exec'ing Processes
|
||||
Сигналы (Signals)|Signals
|
||||
Выход (Exit)|Exit
|
||||
|
||||
2
examples/.hash
Normal file
2
examples/.hash
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
cbd7ae7158cdb62fbd0f5a21c1f89a9a43369900
|
||||
CiZ6oDF6A_l
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
e1b3a73458ef10d4cfe093766d05503ed7706544
|
||||
aEOYD0chCYy
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
e0148b9b4acb01e849b8f678cba03f549d250c44
|
||||
V3oV1bvh94k
|
||||
0a1abdfdd647b24082d46fd54645bc597fb86b83
|
||||
3E068RAuW3p
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
4d4cf7b115f26c12d7e188a2d25c66e64f34edfe
|
||||
HNVSsVpnHXN
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
a0904bf943d61e4d220f29ef3a0e6f1368657e78
|
||||
uEeOmen99CF
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
29e4099160217bd2817aef8546927056b9ea4b12
|
||||
3NHqwE7Bwjz
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
92a2a89118f08e7ac1fcf82567c14a31e6a2fabe
|
||||
jHsjIHrpHXV
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
67493a491669c559ceac851a959828a00ceb89eb
|
||||
V8RCD4w9KY-
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
5a274ea5c01af8573ce5c6382f41189446a8be09
|
||||
J2PladF_bU9
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
5e8a32a022ffb4f746bbdf101face52ca008aeba
|
||||
urAoHQtRHro
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
375f50de2467743174f0d60d0635a3198e031094
|
||||
wSDrVn9TIK5
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
e316c57acf4cc993f182f2d341a608a1eac4a551
|
||||
_r_-ZzDzQUH
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
7320b5803ad9875733c4ca9644600ae8a55009d8
|
||||
sr1FH0P_2Te
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
31b56e63896203b29fd3a08a1f5036ca62d6d0c2
|
||||
e1Vlh7LNMFJ
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
7df99bb0443cbe61600e6466782a66e76cf7d927
|
||||
6lC_YCFEXVl
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
61c3cd2ec3ab8fcd4528452e88fe25c0eafbb2de
|
||||
--fC2aTdXEz
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
91979262128065a70899eb9ee32da1549864b609
|
||||
9-iENtmoI5k
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
878cb29aa644aef60217a2d97a586080cd783daa
|
||||
dojmebwCvC4
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
450a55230493ea17b3b7aeef666f55f796c050a8
|
||||
BgQ_ag62q4k
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
7bbdffb4411e01e9962593d1de16a5654fb780d4
|
||||
6VDVplbM_Sk
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
c478d7d6259b800c42307c0d520fb669109cb2f7
|
||||
Fv7uI0y_EWr
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
fe343c61ebf68660290e3717592e7904c47abad5
|
||||
4sH5Tv_SBoU
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
9de125c9da86967491563075071ccd110b95b8ef
|
||||
79i2V9dLU15
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
ec8fd69aa19e54a7ea05d2a911f09d3a98f0396c
|
||||
VxYIifr_UuH
|
||||
4efc6eb143a0e04132f16fcf929f7eed232b897d
|
||||
8Z80D4rlbaE
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
a4e8d30b7a6f3a6abd96b916d81ce5930bad94f9
|
||||
lNuS9ysZmxH
|
||||
0282a23b343fbbbf9e3cb32d1efd934c9d707d26
|
||||
xndCIK5Wo-Y
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
e09278982d7d148dd22c45730d0820659a7ecae8
|
||||
bS2bkTzP8cG
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
92a88a19fb7453935093e2ae893fcef18432f596
|
||||
dLiHA3PDCFp
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
df6205e7069d3914f2a40940696755f4b6343a9b
|
||||
HjBZNUEcF_e
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
b3128d2e4d2238e56d99bfc7138389257076871f
|
||||
qfALObNYETK
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
9cfe1eb1a10a8977bee1581389953af18afc9bc0
|
||||
6Khmls9Dsin
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
8c7db363d911ef04d1340ff195da03a5373b79ab
|
||||
USO1aTX_xMe
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
3b01f109970c31ffb1c67cfea86a8eaa2959f7e0
|
||||
FokCtF5TvgL
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
9b4a9b30f02201adf86ab6c6abc60e23088026be
|
||||
4PKUrIjNyTE
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
909a2f7a79ef942a544292b283a964ae530fd612
|
||||
VHnMkOQfQea
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
03975452ff4c127a4a78897643ce3eca0b90b239
|
||||
CKeOTktHnJe
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
a2f106b835828ac784feffb869604e059d788680
|
||||
zbl7ytLnFCK
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
f8c6ffeaa1f52aeff136779442bbd160313a6b32
|
||||
4GBukIe-7ie
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
a93813bfc920c685c55bf09a3425f63fcc4a542b
|
||||
rC0qLhImKAo
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
176b57caf5a053e3707da299ca9fbb78314d283f
|
||||
m6mvXlZtHTX
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
b75f7597af0526d0fefb481ef7987b5e186c0c04
|
||||
oPbHEHLaRrN
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
984c5939e46284833637df8aa8dd38f51b571425
|
||||
GB_bgVcRKg2
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
4cda643ba233014fe6b30966c37d4d0fcd4edbe8
|
||||
oqcrTfY4Ykd
|
||||
f64d96d9e998d1c8821689af70580b3929a464cf
|
||||
zhhfA6LqgFI
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
8e3867a11504ce30880c75e3d5ed74907a8ef1b5
|
||||
Xs9zJ53YIAa
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
97236c6deebee661d0bd1e696b12e4ea671d06ff
|
||||
32lRsL-MYrP
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
0252f365e73e310a8f4dc4431f598ffcea3efc72
|
||||
VQrgvKKcvRg
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
a059f86c91ed4084fb37f321a7def4ef88b62e67
|
||||
X9bT-mDzj4o
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
4984e90d62323e378c35e5c52d0c5646fd150d82
|
||||
2QNUQPuiFlR
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
e7e07404454809cbacb719ad94e70726d22dacc1
|
||||
n_gVZus4DBP
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
8ffedfce40621f09c42f07459127279d66425d08
|
||||
TKe8eifne_2
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
818faf1a5caccb1628010427eff861edd8379de8
|
||||
UeDwSoYepQt
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
995a3c5dec1de68fe79d5d3172531fb5d2b99870
|
||||
sJZCI3Gm3Ht
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
99866fef55916b593bf73df9591ca9d7d2c86d7e
|
||||
PMJP7pf-n5h
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
1a41d8c725f8bfe62838744d6327404ec1ddc319
|
||||
gZXCCqO7ezT
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
64772226ab38092e29f23802c8138a723e23cc83
|
||||
2bpsxisGGLj
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
7a8299db21f9554a2b43ecece2d8abf7a370189c
|
||||
G61ruGfMQZA
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
e532cf20c51b0106aba8c041ec44480f7690da5e
|
||||
ZE4n1Jt55m0
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
441dc07d57c03df070488f85dbe24e5ef6591bf7
|
||||
SCMyPsGlXtX
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
d1689f059a29e7e0d3f9ccd52632220d487d6ca0
|
||||
7RnBhz_kuki
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
babc12f5066652f4cb0151231c06f1037298ff28
|
||||
M218D9Tldlr
|
||||
f0b0a50b3471f972b26e6fefb481730661aac6e1
|
||||
Zt1KHMGZESo
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
1c4cf252844f42861e8fbc59a604833d0dbd24c0
|
||||
SYLIv-rApFj
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
e5f981f078207ac4f67b26be87a73c2989006685
|
||||
BUbDhWP8PV_k
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
e32d27f8b78c3e3f24c5dd98f864ffdb9567d628
|
||||
dz6tVXvffuH
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
a719d863a0b07434beade5c6582eff76df8bd2ef
|
||||
79qTVPHnwGQ
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
|
||||
da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709
|
||||
UCPdVNrl0-P
|
||||
f6c74f9903720805417ffe5765cef04e3f58d966
|
||||
LscGbwmQZns
|
||||
|
||||
175
public/arrays
generated
175
public/arrays
generated
@ -23,6 +23,179 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="arrays">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Массивы (Arrays)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В Go, <em>массив</em> это числовой ряд элементов определенной
|
||||
длины.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/CiZ6oDF6A_l" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В данном примере мы создаем массив <code>a</code>, который
|
||||
содержит 5 элементов с типом <code>int</code>. Тип элементов
|
||||
и длина являются частью типа массива. По-умолчанию
|
||||
массив заполняется нулевыми значениями, например,
|
||||
в случае <code>int</code> нулевое значение - 0.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"emp:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы можем установить значение по индексу элемента
|
||||
следующим образом:<code>array[index] = value</code>.
|
||||
Получить значение можно аналогично - <code>array[index]</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"set:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"get:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Встроенная функция <code>len</code> возвращает длину массива.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"len:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Так можно инициалзировать и заполнить массив
|
||||
значениеми в одну строку</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"dcl:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Тип <code>массив</code> является одномерным. Но вы можете
|
||||
совмещать типы, для создания многомерных
|
||||
структур.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">twoD</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">twoD</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">j</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"2d: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">twoD</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обратите внимание, что массивы отображаются в виде
|
||||
[v1 v2 v3 …] при выводе с помощью fmt.Println.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run arrays.go
|
||||
<span class="go">emp: [0 0 0 0 0]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">set: [0 0 0 0 100]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">get: 100</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">len: 5</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">dcl: [1 2 3 4 5]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">2d: [[0 1 2] [1 2 3]]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В Go вы будете встречать <em>срезы</em> гораздо чаще, чем
|
||||
массивы. Срезы рассмотрим далее</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="slices">Срезы (Slices)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +207,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' var a [5]int\u000A fmt.Println(\"emp:\", a)\u000A');codeLines.push(' a[4] = 100\u000A fmt.Println(\"set:\", a)\u000A fmt.Println(\"get:\", a[4])\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"len:\", len(a))\u000A');codeLines.push(' b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\u000A fmt.Println(\"dcl:\", b)\u000A');codeLines.push(' var twoD [2][3]int\u000A for i := 0; i \x3C 2; i++ {\u000A for j := 0; j \x3C 3; j++ {\u000A twoD[i][j] = i + j\u000A }\u000A }\u000A fmt.Println(\"2d: \", twoD)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
202
public/atomic-counters
generated
202
public/atomic-counters
generated
@ -23,6 +23,206 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="atomic-counters">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Атомарные счетчики (Atomic Counters)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Основным механизмом управления состоянием в Go является
|
||||
связь по каналам. Мы видели это, например, с <a href="worker-pools">пулами воркеров</a>.
|
||||
Есть несколько других вариантов управления состоянием.
|
||||
Здесь мы рассмотрим использование пакета <code>sync/atomic</code>
|
||||
для <em>атомарных счетчиков</em>, к которым обращаются горутины.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/aEOYD0chCYy" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"sync"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"sync/atomic"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы будем использовать целое число без знака
|
||||
для представления нашего (всегда положительного)
|
||||
счетчика.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">ops</span> <span class="kt">uint64</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>WaitGroup поможет нам подождать, пока все горутины
|
||||
завершат свою работу.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">wg</span> <span class="nx">sync</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">WaitGroup</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы запустим 50 горутин, каждая из которых увеличивает
|
||||
счетчик ровно в 1000 раз.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">wg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для атомарного увеличения счетчика мы
|
||||
используем AddUint64, присваивая ему адрес
|
||||
памяти нашего счетчика <code>ops</code> с префиксом <code>&</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">AddUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">ops</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">wg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Done</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}()</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Ждем пока завершатся горутины.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">wg</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Wait</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Теперь доступ к <code>ops</code> безопасен, потому что мы знаем,
|
||||
что никакие другие горутины не пишут в него. Безопасное
|
||||
чтение атомарного счетчика во время его обновления также
|
||||
возможно, используя функцию <code>atomic.LoadUint64</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ops:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">ops</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы ожидаем получить ровно 50 000 операций. Если бы
|
||||
мы использовали неатомарный <code>ops++</code> для увеличения
|
||||
счетчика, мы бы, вероятно, получили другое число,
|
||||
изменяющееся между прогонами, потому что горутины
|
||||
мешали бы друг другу. Более того, мы получим сбои
|
||||
в гонке данных при работе с флагом -race.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run atomic-counters.go
|
||||
<span class="go">ops: 50000</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Далее мы рассмотрим мьютексы, еще один способ
|
||||
управления состоянием.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="mutexes">Мьютексы (Mutexes)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +234,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"sync\"\u000A \"sync/atomic\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' var ops uint64\u000A');codeLines.push(' var wg sync.WaitGroup\u000A');codeLines.push(' for i := 0; i \x3C 50; i++ {\u000A wg.Add(1)\u000A');codeLines.push(' go func() {\u000A for c := 0; c \x3C 1000; c++ {\u000A');codeLines.push(' atomic.AddUint64(&ops, 1)\u000A }\u000A wg.Done()\u000A }()\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' wg.Wait()\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"ops:\", ops)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
41
public/base64
generated
41
public/base64
generated
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||
<title>Go в примерах: Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)</title>
|
||||
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
onkeydown = (e) => {
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'sha1';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'reading-files';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div class="example" id="base64">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="reading-files">Чтение файлов (Reading Files)</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/base64">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
199
public/base64-encoding
generated
Normal file
199
public/base64-encoding
generated
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||
<title>Go в примерах: Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)</title>
|
||||
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
onkeydown = (e) => {
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'sha1-hashes';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'reading-files';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div class="example" id="base64-encoding">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go имеет встроенную поддержку <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64">base64
|
||||
кодирования и декодирования</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/3E068RAuW3p" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Этот синтаксис импортирует пакет <code>encoding/base64</code> с
|
||||
с алиасом <code>b64</code>, вместо названия по-умолчанию. Это
|
||||
сэкономит нам немного места.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">b64</span> <span class="s">"encoding/base64"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Строка</code>, которую мы будем кодировать/декодировать.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">data</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="s">"abc123!?$*&()'-=@~"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go поддерживает оба стандарта и URL-совместимого
|
||||
base64. Кодируем, используя стандартнай кодировщик.
|
||||
Кодировщик требует <code>[]byte</code> на входе, поэтому
|
||||
мы конвертируем нашу <code>строку</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">sEnc</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">StdEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">EncodeToString</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Декодирование может вернуть ошибку, которую можно
|
||||
проверить, если вы не уверены в корректности
|
||||
входных данных.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">sDec</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">StdEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DecodeString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">sDec</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Это кодирование/декодирование использует
|
||||
URL-совместимый base64 формат.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">uEnc</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">URLEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">EncodeToString</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">uEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">uDec</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">_</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">b64</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">URLEncoding</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">DecodeString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">uEnc</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">uDec</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Строка кодируется в слегка отличающиеся значения с
|
||||
помощью стандартных и URL-совместимые base64
|
||||
(<code>+</code> vs <code>-</code>), но они оба декодируются в исходную
|
||||
строку по желанию.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run base64-encoding.go
|
||||
<span class="go">YWJjMTIzIT8kKiYoKSctPUB+</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">abc123!?$*&()'-=@~</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">YWJjMTIzIT8kKiYoKSctPUB-</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">abc123!?$*&()'-=@~</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="reading-files">Чтение файлов (Reading Files)</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/base64-encoding">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A b64 \"encoding/base64\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' data := \"abc123!?$*&()\'-=@~\"\u000A');codeLines.push(' sEnc := b64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(data))\u000A fmt.Println(sEnc)\u000A');codeLines.push(' sDec, _ := b64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(sEnc)\u000A fmt.Println(string(sDec))\u000A fmt.Println()\u000A');codeLines.push(' uEnc := b64.URLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(data))\u000A fmt.Println(uEnc)\u000A uDec, _ := b64.URLEncoding.DecodeString(uEnc)\u000A fmt.Println(string(uDec))\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
121
public/channel-buffering
generated
121
public/channel-buffering
generated
@ -23,6 +23,125 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="channel-buffering">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Буферизированный канал (Channel Buffering)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>По умолчанию каналы <em>не буферизованы</em>, это означает,
|
||||
что они будут принимать отправления (<code>chan <-</code>), только
|
||||
если есть соответствующий прием (<code><- chan</code>), готовый
|
||||
принять отправленное значение. <em>Буферизованные каналы</em>
|
||||
принимают ограниченное количество значений без
|
||||
соответствующего приемника для этих значений.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/HNVSsVpnHXN" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Здесь мы <code>создаем</code> канал строк с буфером до 2
|
||||
значений.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Т.к. этот канал буферизирован, мы можем послать
|
||||
значения в канал без соответствующего одновременного
|
||||
получения.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="s">"buffered"</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="s">"channel"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Позже мы можем получить эти значения как обычно.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">messages</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">messages</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channel-buffering.go
|
||||
<span class="go">buffered</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">channel</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="channel-synchronization">Синхронизация канала (Channel Synchronization)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +153,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' messages := make(chan string, 2)\u000A');codeLines.push(' messages \x3C- \"buffered\"\u000A messages \x3C- \"channel\"\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\x3C-messages)\u000A fmt.Println(\x3C-messages)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
113
public/channel-directions
generated
113
public/channel-directions
generated
@ -23,6 +23,117 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="channel-directions">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Направления канала (Channel Directions)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>При использовании каналов в качестве параметров
|
||||
функции вы можете указать, предназначен ли канал
|
||||
только для отправки или получения значений. Эта
|
||||
возможность повышает безопасность программы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/uEeOmen99CF" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Функция <code>ping</code> принимает канал только для отправки
|
||||
значений. При попытке получения значений в этот канал
|
||||
в процессе компиляции возниканет ошибка.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">ping</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="kd">chan</span><span class="o"><-</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">msg</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Функция <code>pong</code> принимает один канал для приема
|
||||
(<code>pings</code>) и второй для отправки (<code>pongs</code>).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">pong</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">pongs</span> <span class="kd">chan</span><span class="o"><-</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">pings</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">pongs</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">msg</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">pings</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">pongs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">ping</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pings</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"passed message"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">pong</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pings</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">pongs</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">pongs</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channel-directions.go
|
||||
<span class="go">passed message</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="select">Select</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +145,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func ping(pings chan\x3C- string, msg string) {\u000A pings \x3C- msg\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func pong(pings \x3C-chan string, pongs chan\x3C- string) {\u000A msg := \x3C-pings\u000A pongs \x3C- msg\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A pings := make(chan string, 1)\u000A pongs := make(chan string, 1)\u000A ping(pings, \"passed message\")\u000A pong(pings, pongs)\u000A fmt.Println(\x3C-pongs)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
153
public/channel-synchronization
generated
153
public/channel-synchronization
generated
@ -23,6 +23,157 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="channel-synchronization">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Синхронизация канала (Channel Synchronization)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы можем использовать каналы для синхронизации
|
||||
выполнения между горутинами. Вот пример
|
||||
использования блокирующего получения для ожидания
|
||||
завершения работы горутины. При ожидании завершения
|
||||
нескольких процедур вы можете использовать <a href="waitgroups">WaitGroup</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/3NHqwE7Bwjz" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"time"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Эту функцию мы будем запускать в горутине. Канал
|
||||
<code>done</code> будет использован для оповещения другой
|
||||
горутины о том, что функция выполнена успешно.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">worker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">done</span> <span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"working..."</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"done"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Отправить значение, чтобы сказать что функция
|
||||
выполнена успешно.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Запустите воркера в горутине и передайте ему канал
|
||||
для оповещения.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="nx">worker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">done</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Блокируйте, пока мы не получим уведомление от
|
||||
воркера из канала.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">done</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channel-synchronization.go
|
||||
<span class="go">working...done </span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если вы удалите строку <code><- done</code> из этой программы,
|
||||
программа закроется до того, как <code>воркер</code> даже
|
||||
запустится.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="channel-directions">Направления канала (Channel Directions)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +185,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"time\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func worker(done chan bool) {\u000A fmt.Print(\"working...\")\u000A time.Sleep(time.Second)\u000A fmt.Println(\"done\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' done \x3C- true\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' done := make(chan bool, 1)\u000A go worker(done)\u000A');codeLines.push(' \x3C-done\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
136
public/channels
generated
136
public/channels
generated
@ -23,6 +23,140 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="channels">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Каналы (Channels)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><em>Каналы</em> это способ связи паралелльных горутин между
|
||||
собой. Вы можете послать сообщение в канал из одной
|
||||
горутины и получить его в другой.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/jHsjIHrpHXV" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Создаем новый канал - <code>make(chan val-type)</code>.
|
||||
Каналы типизируются в зависимости от значений,
|
||||
которые они передают.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><em>Отправьте</em> значение в канал, используя <code>channel <-</code>.
|
||||
Здесь мы отправляем <code>"ping"</code> в канал <code>messages</code>,
|
||||
который мы сделали выше, из новой горутины.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">messages</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="s">"ping"</span> <span class="p">}()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Синтаксис <code><-channel</code> <em>читает</em> из канала. Здесь
|
||||
мы получим сообщение <code>"ping"</code>, которое мы
|
||||
отправили выше, и распечатаем его.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">messages</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Когда мы запускаем программу, сообщение <code>"ping"</code> успешно
|
||||
передается из одной горутины в другую по нашему каналу.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run channels.go
|
||||
<span class="go">ping</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>По-умолчанию, отправление и получение блокируются,
|
||||
пока оба отправителя и получателя готовы. Это
|
||||
свойство позволило нам ждать в конце нашей программы
|
||||
сообщения <code>"ping"</code> без использования какой-либо
|
||||
другой синхронизации.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="channel-buffering">Буферизированный канал (Channel Buffering)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +168,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' messages := make(chan string)\u000A');codeLines.push(' go func() { messages \x3C- \"ping\" }()\u000A');codeLines.push(' msg := \x3C-messages\u000A fmt.Println(msg)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
162
public/closing-channels
generated
162
public/closing-channels
generated
@ -23,6 +23,166 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="closing-channels">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Закрытие каналов (Closing Channels)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><em>Закрытие</em> канала означает, что по нему больше не
|
||||
будет отправлено никаких значений. Это может быть
|
||||
полезно для сообщения получателям о завершении.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/V8RCD4w9KY-" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В этом примере мы будем использовать канал <code>jobs</code> для
|
||||
передачи задания, которое должна быть выполнена из
|
||||
<code>main()</code> в горутине. Когда у нас больше не будет
|
||||
заданий для воркера, мы <code>закроем</code> канал <code>jobs</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вот наш воркер. Он многократно получает из канала
|
||||
<code>jobs</code> значения <code>j, more := <-jobs</code>. В этой специальной
|
||||
форме получения с двумя значениями <code>more</code> значение
|
||||
будет <code>ложным</code>, если <code>jobs</code> были <code>закрыты</code>, а все
|
||||
значения в канале уже получены. Мы используем
|
||||
это, чтобы уведомить о <code>выполнении</code>, когда мы
|
||||
проработали все наши работы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">more</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">jobs</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">more</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"received job"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"received all jobs"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">done</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Отправляем 3 сообщения в канал <code>jobs</code>, и закрываем
|
||||
его.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">jobs</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">j</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sent job"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">jobs</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sent all jobs"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы ожидаем выполнения всех каналов используя
|
||||
<a href="channel-synchronization">синхронизацию</a>, рассмотренную
|
||||
нами ранее.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">done</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run closing-channels.go
|
||||
<span class="go">sent job 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">received job 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">sent job 2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">received job 2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">sent job 3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">received job 3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">sent all jobs</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">received all jobs</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Идея закрытых каналов естественно приводит нас к
|
||||
следующему примеру: <code>range</code> по каналам.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="range-over-channels">Перебор значений из каналов (Range over Channels)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +194,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A jobs := make(chan int, 5)\u000A done := make(chan bool)\u000A');codeLines.push(' go func() {\u000A for {\u000A j, more := \x3C-jobs\u000A if more {\u000A fmt.Println(\"received job\", j)\u000A } else {\u000A fmt.Println(\"received all jobs\")\u000A done \x3C- true\u000A return\u000A }\u000A }\u000A }()\u000A');codeLines.push(' for j := 1; j \x3C= 3; j++ {\u000A jobs \x3C- j\u000A fmt.Println(\"sent job\", j)\u000A }\u000A close(jobs)\u000A fmt.Println(\"sent all jobs\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' \x3C-done\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
158
public/closures
generated
158
public/closures
generated
@ -23,6 +23,162 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="closures">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Замыкания (Closures)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go поддерживает <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_function"><em>анонимные функции</em></a>, которые могут образовывать
|
||||
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(computer_science)"><em>замыкания</em></a>. Анонимные функции полезны, когда вы хотите
|
||||
определить встроенную функцию, не называя ее.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/J2PladF_bU9" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Эта функция intSeq возвращает другую функцию, которую
|
||||
мы анонимно определяем в теле intSeq. Возвращенная
|
||||
функция присваивается в переменную i, чтобы
|
||||
сформировать замыкание.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">intSeq</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">i</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы вызываем <code>intSeq</code>, присваивая результат (функцию)
|
||||
<code>nextInt</code>. Это значение функции фиксирует свое
|
||||
собственное значение <code>i</code>, которое будет обновляться
|
||||
каждый раз, когда мы вызываем <code>nextInt</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">nextInt</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">intSeq</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Посмотрите, что происходит при вызове <code>nextInt</code>
|
||||
несколько раз.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nextInt</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nextInt</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nextInt</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы подтвердить, что состояние является уникальным
|
||||
для этой конкретной функции, создайте и протестируйте
|
||||
новую.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">newInts</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">intSeq</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">newInts</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run closures.go
|
||||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Последняя особенность функций, которые мы сейчас
|
||||
рассмотрим, - это рекурсия.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="recursion">Рекурсия (Recursion)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +190,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func intSeq() func() int {\u000A i := 0\u000A return func() int {\u000A i++\u000A return i\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' nextInt := intSeq()\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(nextInt())\u000A fmt.Println(nextInt())\u000A fmt.Println(nextInt())\u000A');codeLines.push(' newInts := intSeq()\u000A fmt.Println(newInts())\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
339
public/collection-functions
generated
339
public/collection-functions
generated
@ -23,6 +23,343 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="collection-functions">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Функции коллекции (Collection Functions)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Нам часто нужны наши программы для выполнения операций
|
||||
с коллекциями данных, таких как выбор всех элементов,
|
||||
которые удовлетворяют данному предикату, или отображение
|
||||
всех элементов в новую коллекцию с помощью
|
||||
пользовательской функции.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В некоторых языках идиоматично использовать <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programming">дженерики</a>
|
||||
и алгоритмы. Go не поддерживает дженерики; в Go, как
|
||||
правило, предоставляют функции коллекции если они
|
||||
необходимы конкретно для вашей программы и ваших
|
||||
типов данных.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вот несколько примеров функций коллекции для срезов
|
||||
со <code>строковыми значениями</code>. Вы можете использовать эти
|
||||
примеры, чтобы сделать собственные функции. Обратите
|
||||
внимание, что в некоторых случаях, возможно, было бы
|
||||
более явным встроить код, манипулирующий коллекциями,
|
||||
вместо создания создания вспомогательных функций.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/urAoHQtRHro" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"strings"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Возвращает первый индекс совпадения со строкой <code>t</code> или -1
|
||||
если совпадение не найдено.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">i</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Возвращает <code>true</code> если строка <code>t</code> находится в срезе.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Include</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">Index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Возвращает <code>true</code> если одна из строк в срезе
|
||||
удовлетворяет условию <code>f</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Возвращает <code>true</code> если все из строк в срезе
|
||||
удовлетворяют условие <code>f</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">All</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">!</span><span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Возвращает новый срез, содержащий все строки в срезе,
|
||||
которые удовлетворяют условие <code>f</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">vsf</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">vsf</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vsf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">vsf</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Возвращает новый срез, содержащий результаты выполнения
|
||||
функции <code>f</code> с каждой строкой исходного слайса.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">Map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">f</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">vsm</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">vs</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">vs</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">vsm</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">vsm</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Здесь мы пробуем различные функции коллекций.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">strs</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"peach"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"apple"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"pear"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"plum"</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"pear"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Include</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"grape"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Any</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HasPrefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"p"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">All</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HasPrefix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"p"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">bool</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">v</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"e"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Все примеры, приведенные выше, использовали
|
||||
анонимные функции, но вы можете использовать именные
|
||||
функции корректного типа.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ToUpper</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run collection-functions.go
|
||||
<span class="go">2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">[peach apple pear]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">[PEACH APPLE PEAR PLUM]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="string-functions">Строковые функции (String Functions)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +371,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"strings\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func Index(vs []string, t string) int {\u000A for i, v := range vs {\u000A if v == t {\u000A return i\u000A }\u000A }\u000A return -1\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func Include(vs []string, t string) bool {\u000A return Index(vs, t) \x3E= 0\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func Any(vs []string, f func(string) bool) bool {\u000A for _, v := range vs {\u000A if f(v) {\u000A return true\u000A }\u000A }\u000A return false\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func All(vs []string, f func(string) bool) bool {\u000A for _, v := range vs {\u000A if !f(v) {\u000A return false\u000A }\u000A }\u000A return true\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func Filter(vs []string, f func(string) bool) []string {\u000A vsf := make([]string, 0)\u000A for _, v := range vs {\u000A if f(v) {\u000A vsf = append(vsf, v)\u000A }\u000A }\u000A return vsf\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func Map(vs []string, f func(string) string) []string {\u000A vsm := make([]string, len(vs))\u000A for i, v := range vs {\u000A vsm[i] = f(v)\u000A }\u000A return vsm\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' var strs = []string{\"peach\", \"apple\", \"pear\", \"plum\"}\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(Index(strs, \"pear\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(Include(strs, \"grape\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(Any(strs, func(v string) bool {\u000A return strings.HasPrefix(v, \"p\")\u000A }))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(All(strs, func(v string) bool {\u000A return strings.HasPrefix(v, \"p\")\u000A }))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(Filter(strs, func(v string) bool {\u000A return strings.Contains(v, \"e\")\u000A }))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(Map(strs, strings.ToUpper))\u000A');codeLines.push('}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
142
public/command-line-arguments
generated
142
public/command-line-arguments
generated
@ -23,6 +23,146 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="command-line-arguments">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Аргументы командной строки (Command-Line Arguments)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface#Arguments"><em>Аргументы командной строки</em></a>
|
||||
являются распространенным способом параметризации
|
||||
выполнения программ. Например, <code>go run hello.go</code>
|
||||
использует аргументы <code>run</code> и <code>hello.go</code> для программы
|
||||
<code>go</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/wSDrVn9TIK5" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>os.Args</code> предоставляет доступ к необработанным
|
||||
аргументам командной строки. Обратите внимание,
|
||||
что первое значение в этом срезе - это путь к
|
||||
программе, а os.Args [1:] содержит аргументы
|
||||
программы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">argsWithProg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">argsWithoutProg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вы можете получить отдельные аргументы с
|
||||
обычной индексацией.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">argsWithProg</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">argsWithoutProg</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы поэкспериментировать с аргументами командной
|
||||
строки, лучше сначала создать двоичный файл с
|
||||
помощью <code>go build</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build command-line-arguments.go
|
||||
<span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-arguments a b c d
|
||||
<span class="go">[./command-line-arguments a b c d] </span>
|
||||
<span class="go">[a b c d]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">c</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Далее мы рассмотрим более сложную обработку командной
|
||||
строки с флагами.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="command-line-flags">Флаги командной строки (Command-Line Flags)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +174,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"os\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' argsWithProg := os.Args\u000A argsWithoutProg := os.Args[1:]\u000A');codeLines.push(' arg := os.Args[3]\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(argsWithProg)\u000A fmt.Println(argsWithoutProg)\u000A fmt.Println(arg)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
283
public/command-line-flags
generated
283
public/command-line-flags
generated
@ -23,6 +23,287 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="command-line-flags">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Флаги командной строки (Command-Line Flags)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface#Command-line_option"><em>Флаги командной строки</em></a>
|
||||
являются распространенным способом задания параметров
|
||||
для программ командной строки. Например, в <code>wc -l</code> - <code>-l</code>
|
||||
является флагом командной строки.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/_r_-ZzDzQUH" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go предоставляет пакет <code>flag</code>, поддерживающий базовый
|
||||
парсинг флагов командной строки. Мы будем использовать
|
||||
этот пакет для реализации нашего примера программы
|
||||
командной строки.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"flag"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Основные объявления флагов доступны для строковых,
|
||||
целочисленных и логических параметров. Здесь мы
|
||||
объявляем строковой флаг <code>word</code> со значением по
|
||||
умолчанию <code>"foo"</code> и кратким описанием. Функция
|
||||
<code>flag.String</code> возвращает строковый указатель (не
|
||||
строковое значение); мы увидим, как использовать
|
||||
этот указатель ниже.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">wordPtr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"word"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"a string"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Объявляем флаги <code>numb</code> и <code>fork</code>, используя тот же
|
||||
подход, что и выше.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">numbPtr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"numb"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"an int"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">boolPtr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"fork"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"a bool"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Также возможно вызвать метод, который использует
|
||||
существующую переменную, объявленную в другом месте
|
||||
программы. Обратите внимание, что в данном случае
|
||||
необходимо передать указатель.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">svar</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">StringVar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">svar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"svar"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"bar"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"a string var"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Как только все флаги объявлены, вызовите <code>flag.Parse()</code>,
|
||||
чтобы выполнить парсинг командной строки.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Parse</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Здесь мы просто выведем результат парсинга и все
|
||||
введеные аргументы. Обратите внимание, что нам
|
||||
нужно разыменовать указатели, например, с
|
||||
помощью <code>*wordPtr</code>, чтобы получить фактические
|
||||
значения.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"word:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">wordPtr</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"numb:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">numbPtr</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"fork:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">boolPtr</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"svar:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">svar</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"tail:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы поэкспериментировать с программой флагов командной
|
||||
строки, лучше сначала скомпилировать ее, а затем
|
||||
напрямую запустить полученный бинарный файл.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build command-line-flags.go
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Попробуйте встроенную программу, сначала задав ей
|
||||
значения для всех флагов.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt -numb<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">7</span> -fork -svar<span class="o">=</span>flag
|
||||
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">numb: 7</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">fork: true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">svar: flag</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">tail: []</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обратите внимание, что если вы опустите флаги, они
|
||||
автоматически примут свои значения по умолчанию.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt
|
||||
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">numb: 42</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">fork: false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">svar: bar</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">tail: []</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Конечные позиционные аргументы могут быть
|
||||
предоставлены после любых флагов.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt a1 a2 a3
|
||||
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">...</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">tail: [a1 a2 a3]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обратите внимание, что пакет <code>flag</code> требует, чтобы все
|
||||
флаги отображались перед позиционными аргументами
|
||||
(в противном случае флаги будут интерпретироваться
|
||||
как позиционные аргументы).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -word<span class="o">=</span>opt a1 a2 a3 -numb<span class="o">=</span>7
|
||||
<span class="go">word: opt</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">numb: 42</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">fork: false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">svar: bar</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">tail: [a1 a2 a3 -numb=7]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Используйте флаги <code>-h</code> или <code>--help</code>, чтобы получить
|
||||
автоматически сгенерированный текст справки для
|
||||
программы командной строки.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -h
|
||||
<span class="go">Usage of ./command-line-flags:</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> -fork=false: a bool</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> -numb=42: an int</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> -svar="bar": a string var</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> -word="foo": a string</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если вы укажете флаг, который не был указан для пакета
|
||||
флагов, программа напечатает сообщение об ошибке
|
||||
и снова покажет текст справки.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-flags -wat
|
||||
<span class="go">flag provided but not defined: -wat</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">Usage of ./command-line-flags:</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">...</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="command-line-subcommands">Подкоманды командной строки (Command-Line Subcommands)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +315,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"flag\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' wordPtr := flag.String(\"word\", \"foo\", \"a string\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' numbPtr := flag.Int(\"numb\", 42, \"an int\")\u000A boolPtr := flag.Bool(\"fork\", false, \"a bool\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' var svar string\u000A flag.StringVar(&svar, \"svar\", \"bar\", \"a string var\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' flag.Parse()\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"word:\", *wordPtr)\u000A fmt.Println(\"numb:\", *numbPtr)\u000A fmt.Println(\"fork:\", *boolPtr)\u000A fmt.Println(\"svar:\", svar)\u000A fmt.Println(\"tail:\", flag.Args())\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
231
public/command-line-subcommands
generated
231
public/command-line-subcommands
generated
@ -23,6 +23,235 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="command-line-subcommands">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Подкоманды командной строки (Command-Line Subcommands)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Некоторые инструменты командной строки, такие как <code>go</code>
|
||||
или <code>git</code>, имеют много <em>подкоманд</em>, каждая со своим
|
||||
собственным набором флагов. Например, <code>go build</code> и
|
||||
<code>go get</code> - это две разные подкоманды инструмента <code>go</code>.
|
||||
Пакет <code>flag</code> позволяет нам легко определять простые
|
||||
подкоманды, которые имеют свои собственные флаги.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/sr1FH0P_2Te" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"flag"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы объявляем подкоманду, используя функцию <code>NewFlagSet</code>,
|
||||
и приступаем к определению новых флагов, специфичных
|
||||
для этой подкоманды.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fooCmd</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewFlagSet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ExitOnError</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fooEnable</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">fooCmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Bool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"enable"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"enable"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fooName</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">fooCmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"name"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">""</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"name"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для другой подкоманды мы можем определить другие
|
||||
флаги.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">barCmd</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewFlagSet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"bar"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">flag</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ExitOnError</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">barLevel</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">barCmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"level"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"level"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Подкоманда ожидается в качестве первого аргумента
|
||||
программы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"expected 'foo' or 'bar' subcommands"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Проверяем, какая подкоманда вызвана.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">switch</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для каждой подкоманды мы анализируем ее собственные
|
||||
флаги и имеем доступ к аргументам.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fooCmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:])</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subcommand 'foo'"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" enable:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">fooEnable</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" name:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">fooName</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" tail:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">fooCmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s">"bar"</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">barCmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:])</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subcommand 'bar'"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" level:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">barLevel</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" tail:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">barCmd</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Args</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">default</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"expected 'foo' or 'bar' subcommands"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build command-line-subcommands.go
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Первый вызов подкоманды foo.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-subcommands foo -enable -name<span class="o">=</span>joe a1 a2
|
||||
<span class="go">subcommand 'foo'</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> enable: true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> name: joe</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> tail: [a1 a2]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Теперь пробуем bar.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-subcommands bar -level <span class="m">8</span> a1
|
||||
<span class="go">subcommand 'bar'</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> level: 8</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> tail: [a1]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Но bar не может принимать флаги определенные для foo.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> ./command-line-subcommands bar -enable a1
|
||||
<span class="go">flag provided but not defined: -enable</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">Usage of bar:</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> -level int</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> level</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Далее мы рассмотрим переменные окружения, еще один
|
||||
распространенный способ параметризации программ.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="environment-variables">Переменные среды (Environment Variables)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +263,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"flag\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"os\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' fooCmd := flag.NewFlagSet(\"foo\", flag.ExitOnError)\u000A fooEnable := fooCmd.Bool(\"enable\", false, \"enable\")\u000A fooName := fooCmd.String(\"name\", \"\", \"name\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' barCmd := flag.NewFlagSet(\"bar\", flag.ExitOnError)\u000A barLevel := barCmd.Int(\"level\", 0, \"level\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' if len(os.Args) \x3C 2 {\u000A fmt.Println(\"expected \'foo\' or \'bar\' subcommands\")\u000A os.Exit(1)\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' switch os.Args[1] {\u000A');codeLines.push(' case \"foo\":\u000A fooCmd.Parse(os.Args[2:])\u000A fmt.Println(\"subcommand \'foo\'\")\u000A fmt.Println(\" enable:\", *fooEnable)\u000A fmt.Println(\" name:\", *fooName)\u000A fmt.Println(\" tail:\", fooCmd.Args())\u000A case \"bar\":\u000A barCmd.Parse(os.Args[2:])\u000A fmt.Println(\"subcommand \'bar\'\")\u000A fmt.Println(\" level:\", *barLevel)\u000A fmt.Println(\" tail:\", barCmd.Args())\u000A default:\u000A fmt.Println(\"expected \'foo\' or \'bar\' subcommands\")\u000A os.Exit(1)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
151
public/constants
generated
151
public/constants
generated
@ -23,6 +23,155 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="constants">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Константы (Constants)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В Go <em>константы</em> могут принимать значения следующих типов:
|
||||
строки, числа и логические значения</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/e1Vlh7LNMFJ" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"math"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для объявления константы используется ключевое слово <code>const</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">s</span> <span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"constant"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Оператор <code>const</code> может использоваться везде, где может
|
||||
быть использован оператор <code>var</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">n</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">500000000</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Постоянные выражения выполняют арифметику с
|
||||
произвольной точностью.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">const</span> <span class="nx">d</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">3e20</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="nx">n</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Числовая константа не имеет типа до тех пор,
|
||||
пока ей не присвоен, например, при явном преобразовании.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Число может использоваться в контексте, который требует
|
||||
его, например, присваивание переменной или вызов
|
||||
функции. Например, здесь <code>math.Sin</code> ожидает
|
||||
<code>float64</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run constant.go
|
||||
<span class="go">constant</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">6e+11</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">600000000000</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">-0.28470407323754404</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="for">Цикл For</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +183,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"math\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('const s string = \"constant\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A fmt.Println(s)\u000A');codeLines.push(' const n = 500000000\u000A');codeLines.push(' const d = 3e20 / n\u000A fmt.Println(d)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(int64(d))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(math.Sin(n))\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
321
public/directories
generated
321
public/directories
generated
@ -23,6 +23,325 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="directories">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Директории (Directories)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go имеет несколько полезных функций для работы
|
||||
с <em>каталогами</em> в файловой системе.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/6lC_YCFEXVl" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"io/ioutil"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"path/filepath"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span> <span class="kt">error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Создадим новую суб-директорию в текущей рабочей
|
||||
папке.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Mkdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mo">0755</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Когда мы создаем временную директорию, хорошим
|
||||
тоном является удалить ее через <code>defer</code>.
|
||||
<code>os.RemoveAll</code> удалит директорию и все, что в ней
|
||||
находится (по аналогии с <code>rm -rf</code>).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">defer</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">RemoveAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Функция-помощник для создания нового пустого файла.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">createEmptyFile</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">name</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">d</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">""</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ioutil</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">WriteFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mo">0644</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">createEmptyFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir/file1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы можем создать иерархию из директорий, включая все
|
||||
родительские, с помощью <code>MkdirAll</code>. Это является аналогом
|
||||
команды <code>mkdir -p</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">MkdirAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir/parent/child"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mo">0755</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">createEmptyFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir/parent/file2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">createEmptyFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir/parent/file3"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">createEmptyFile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir/parent/child/file4"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>ReadDir</code> перечисляет содержимое каталогов,
|
||||
возвращая срез объектов <code>os.FileInfo</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">ioutil</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ReadDir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir/parent"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Listing subdir/parent"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">entry</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">entry</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Name</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="nx">entry</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsDir</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Chdir</code> позволяет изменить текущую рабочую
|
||||
директорию, по аналогии с <code>cd</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Chdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir/parent/child"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Теперь мы увидим содержимое директории
|
||||
<code>subdir/parent/child</code>, когда запросим листинг
|
||||
<em>текущей</em> директории.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">ioutil</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ReadDir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"."</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Listing subdir/parent/child"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">entry</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">entry</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Name</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="nx">entry</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsDir</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вернемся в начало</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Chdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"../../.."</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">check</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы также можем <em>рекурсивно</em> обойти каталог, включая
|
||||
все его подкаталоги. <code>Walk</code> принимает функцию обратного
|
||||
вызова для обработки каждого файла или каталога,
|
||||
которые посетили.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Visiting subdir"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Walk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"subdir"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">visit</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>visit</code> вызывается для каждого найденного элемента в <code>filepath.Walk</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">visit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">info</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">FileInfo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="kt">error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">error</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">err</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">" "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">info</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsDir</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run directories.go
|
||||
<span class="go">Listing subdir/parent</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> child true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> file2 false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> file3 false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">Listing subdir/parent/child</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> file4 false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">Visiting subdir</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> subdir true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> subdir/file1 false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> subdir/parent true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> subdir/parent/child true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> subdir/parent/child/file4 false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> subdir/parent/file2 false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> subdir/parent/file3 false</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="temporary-files-and-directories">Временные файлы и директории (Temporary Files and Directories)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +353,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"io/ioutil\"\u000A \"os\"\u000A \"path/filepath\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func check(e error) {\u000A if e != nil {\u000A panic(e)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' err := os.Mkdir(\"subdir\", 0755)\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' defer os.RemoveAll(\"subdir\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' createEmptyFile := func(name string) {\u000A d := []byte(\"\")\u000A check(ioutil.WriteFile(name, d, 0644))\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' createEmptyFile(\"subdir/file1\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' err = os.MkdirAll(\"subdir/parent/child\", 0755)\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' createEmptyFile(\"subdir/parent/file2\")\u000A createEmptyFile(\"subdir/parent/file3\")\u000A createEmptyFile(\"subdir/parent/child/file4\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' c, err := ioutil.ReadDir(\"subdir/parent\")\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"Listing subdir/parent\")\u000A for _, entry := range c {\u000A fmt.Println(\" \", entry.Name(), entry.IsDir())\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' err = os.Chdir(\"subdir/parent/child\")\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' c, err = ioutil.ReadDir(\".\")\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"Listing subdir/parent/child\")\u000A for _, entry := range c {\u000A fmt.Println(\" \", entry.Name(), entry.IsDir())\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' err = os.Chdir(\"../../..\")\u000A check(err)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"Visiting subdir\")\u000A err = filepath.Walk(\"subdir\", visit)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func visit(p string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {\u000A if err != nil {\u000A return err\u000A }\u000A fmt.Println(\" \", p, info.IsDir())\u000A return nil\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
159
public/environment-variables
generated
159
public/environment-variables
generated
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'http';
|
||||
window.location.href = 'http-clients';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -23,9 +23,162 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="environment-variables">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Переменные среды (Environment Variables)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable">Переменные среды (или переменные окружения)</a>
|
||||
- это <a href="http://www.12factor.net/config">универсальный механизм передачи информации о конфигурации
|
||||
в программы Unix</a>. Давайте
|
||||
посмотрим, как устанавливать, получать и перечислять переменные
|
||||
среды.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/--fC2aTdXEz" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"strings"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы установить пару ключ/значение, используйте
|
||||
<code>os.Setenv</code>. Чтобы получить значение для ключа,
|
||||
используйте <code>os.Getenv</code>. Это вернет пустую строку,
|
||||
если ключ не присутствует в среде.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Setenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"FOO"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"FOO:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"FOO"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"BAR:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"BAR"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Используйте <code>os.Environ</code> для вывода списка всех пар
|
||||
ключ/значение в среде. Это возвращает спез строк в
|
||||
формате <code>KEY=value</code>. Вы можете использовать <code>strings.Split</code>,
|
||||
чтобы получить ключ и значение. Здесь мы печатаем
|
||||
все ключи.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Environ</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">pair</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"="</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pair</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Запуск программы показывает, что мы выбираем значение
|
||||
для <code>FOO</code>, которое мы установили в программе, но <code>BAR</code>
|
||||
пуст.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run environment-variables.go
|
||||
<span class="go">FOO: 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">BAR: </span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Список ключей в среде будет зависеть от вашей системы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">TERM_PROGRAM</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">PATH</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">SHELL</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">...</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если мы сначала установим <code>BAR</code> в среде, запущенная
|
||||
программа использует это значение.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nv">BAR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span> go run environment-variables.go
|
||||
<span class="go">FOO: 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">BAR: 2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">...</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="http">HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)</a>.
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="http-clients">HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
@ -34,7 +187,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"os\"\u000A \"strings\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' os.Setenv(\"FOO\", \"1\")\u000A fmt.Println(\"FOO:\", os.Getenv(\"FOO\"))\u000A fmt.Println(\"BAR:\", os.Getenv(\"BAR\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println()\u000A for _, e := range os.Environ() {\u000A pair := strings.Split(e, \"=\")\u000A fmt.Println(pair[0])\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
266
public/errors
generated
266
public/errors
generated
@ -23,6 +23,270 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="errors">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Ошибки (Errors)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В Go принято сообщать об ошибках через явное, отдельное
|
||||
возвращаемое значение. Это контрастирует с исключениями,
|
||||
используемыми в таких языках, как Java и Ruby, и
|
||||
перегруженным одиночным значением результата/ошибки,
|
||||
иногда используемым в подходе C. Go, позволяет легко
|
||||
увидеть, какие функции возвращают ошибки, и обрабатывать
|
||||
их, используя те же языковые конструкции, которые
|
||||
используются для любых других задач без ошибок.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/9-iENtmoI5k" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"errors"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>По соглашению, ошибки - это последнее возвращаемое
|
||||
значение с типом <code>error</code> в стандартной реализации.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">f1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">42</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>errors.New</code> создает стандартную <code>ошибку</code> с
|
||||
указаннным сообщением</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">errors</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">New</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"can't work with 42"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Значение <code>nil</code> в поле ошибки, говорит о том, что
|
||||
ошибок нет.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Можно использовать пользовательские типы в качестве
|
||||
ошибок, применяя к ним метод <code>Error()</code>. Вот вариант
|
||||
в примере выше, который использует пользовательский
|
||||
тип для явного представления ошибки аргумента.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">argError</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">prob</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">argError</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">Error</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">string</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"%d - %s"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prob</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">f2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">42</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В этом случае мы используем синтаксис <code>&argError</code>
|
||||
для создания новой структуры, предоставляя
|
||||
значения для двух полей <code>arg</code> и <code>prob</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">argError</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"can't work with it"</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">arg</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Два цикла ниже тестируют каждую из наших функций,
|
||||
возвращающих ошибки. Обратите внимание, что
|
||||
использование встроенной проверки ошибок в строке
|
||||
<code>if</code> является обычный явлением в Go.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">f1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"f1 failed:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"f1 worked:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">f2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"f2 failed:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"f2 worked:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если вы хотите использовать данные в пользовательской
|
||||
ошибке, вам нужно получить ошибку как экземпляр
|
||||
пользовательского типа через утверждение типа.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">f2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">ae</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">ok</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">argError</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nx">ok</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ae</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">arg</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ae</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">prob</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run errors.go
|
||||
<span class="go">f1 worked: 10</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">f1 failed: can't work with 42</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">f2 worked: 10</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">f2 failed: 42 - can't work with it</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">42</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">can't work with it</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Посмотрите <a href="http://blog.golang.org/2011/07/error-handling-and-go.html">эту статью</a>
|
||||
в блоге Go для более подробной информации об ошибках.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="goroutines">Горутины (Goroutines)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +298,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"errors\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func f1(arg int) (int, error) {\u000A if arg == 42 {\u000A');codeLines.push(' return -1, errors.New(\"can\'t work with 42\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' }\u000A');codeLines.push(' return arg + 3, nil\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('type argError struct {\u000A arg int\u000A prob string\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func (e *argError) Error() string {\u000A return fmt.Sprintf(\"%d - %s\", e.arg, e.prob)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func f2(arg int) (int, error) {\u000A if arg == 42 {\u000A');codeLines.push(' return -1, &argError{arg, \"can\'t work with it\"}\u000A }\u000A return arg + 3, nil\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' for _, i := range []int{7, 42} {\u000A if r, e := f1(i); e != nil {\u000A fmt.Println(\"f1 failed:\", e)\u000A } else {\u000A fmt.Println(\"f1 worked:\", r)\u000A }\u000A }\u000A for _, i := range []int{7, 42} {\u000A if r, e := f2(i); e != nil {\u000A fmt.Println(\"f2 failed:\", e)\u000A } else {\u000A fmt.Println(\"f2 worked:\", r)\u000A }\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' _, e := f2(42)\u000A if ae, ok := e.(*argError); ok {\u000A fmt.Println(ae.arg)\u000A fmt.Println(ae.prob)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
170
public/execing-processes
generated
170
public/execing-processes
generated
@ -23,6 +23,174 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="execing-processes">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Исполняющие процессы (Exec'ing Processes)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В предыдущем примере мы рассмотрели <a href="spawning-processes">порождение внешних
|
||||
процессов</a>. Мы делаем это,
|
||||
когда нам нужен внешний процесс, доступный для
|
||||
запущенного процесса Go. Иногда мы просто хотим
|
||||
полностью заменить текущий процесс Go другим
|
||||
(возможно, не Go). Для этого мы будем использовать
|
||||
реализацию Go-имплементацию классической функции
|
||||
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exec_(operating_system)"><code>exec</code></a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/dojmebwCvC4" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os/exec"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"syscall"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для нашего примера мы выполним <code>ls</code>. Go требует
|
||||
абсолютного пути к двоичному файлу, который мы
|
||||
хотим выполнить, поэтому мы используем <code>exec.LookPath</code>,
|
||||
чтобы найти его (вероятно, <code>/bin/ls</code>).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">binary</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">lookErr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">exec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LookPath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ls"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">lookErr</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">lookErr</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Exec</code> требует аргументы в форме среза
|
||||
(в сочетании с одной большой строкой). Мы используем в <code>ls</code>
|
||||
несколько общих аргументов. Обратите внимание, что
|
||||
первым аргументом должно быть имя программы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">args</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"ls"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-a"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-l"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-h"</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Exec</code> также нужен набор <a href="environment-variables">переменных среды</a>
|
||||
для использования. Здесь мы просто предоставляем
|
||||
нашу текущую среду.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">env</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Environ</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вот фактический вызов <code>syscall.Exec</code>. Если этот вызов
|
||||
будет успешным, выполнение нашего процесса на этом
|
||||
закончится и будет заменено процессом <code>/bin/ls -a -l -h</code>.
|
||||
В случае ошибки мы получим возвращаемое значение.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">execErr</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">syscall</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">binary</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">args</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">env</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">execErr</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">execErr</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>When we run our program it is replaced by <code>ls</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run execing-processes.go
|
||||
<span class="go">total 16</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">drwxr-xr-x 4 mark 136B Oct 3 16:29 .</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">drwxr-xr-x 91 mark 3.0K Oct 3 12:50 ..</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">-rw-r--r-- 1 mark 1.3K Oct 3 16:28 execing-processes.go</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обратите внимание, что Go не предлагает классическую
|
||||
Unix функцию <code>форка</code>. Обычно это не проблема,
|
||||
так как запуск горутин, порождение процессов и
|
||||
выполнение процессов покрывают большинство случаев
|
||||
использования <code>форка</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="signals">Сигналы (Signals)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +202,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"os\"\u000A \"os/exec\"\u000A \"syscall\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' binary, lookErr := exec.LookPath(\"ls\")\u000A if lookErr != nil {\u000A panic(lookErr)\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' args := []string{\"ls\", \"-a\", \"-l\", \"-h\"}\u000A');codeLines.push(' env := os.Environ()\u000A');codeLines.push(' execErr := syscall.Exec(binary, args, env)\u000A if execErr != nil {\u000A panic(execErr)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
149
public/exit
generated
149
public/exit
generated
@ -19,6 +19,153 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="exit">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Выход (Exit)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Используйте <code>os.Exit</code> для немедленного выхода с
|
||||
полученныем статусом.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/BgQ_ag62q4k" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>defer</code> <em>не будет</em> запускаться при использовании
|
||||
<code>os.Exit</code>, поэтому этот <code>fmt.Println</code> никогда не
|
||||
будет вызываться.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">defer</span> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"!"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Выход со статусом 3.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обратите внимание, что в отличие, например, от C,
|
||||
Go не использует целочисленное возвращаемое значение
|
||||
из <code>main</code>, чтобы указать состояние выхода. Если
|
||||
вы хотите выйти с ненулевым статусом, вы должны
|
||||
использовать <code>os.Exit</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если вы запустите <code>exit.go</code> с помощью <code>go run</code>,
|
||||
выход будет выбран <code>go</code> и напечатан.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run exit.go
|
||||
<span class="go">exit status 3</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Создавая и выполняя двоичный файл, вы можете
|
||||
увидеть статус в терминале.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go build exit.go
|
||||
<span class="gp">$</span> ./exit
|
||||
<span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$?</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обратите внимание, что <code>!</code> из нашей программы
|
||||
никогда не был напечатан.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/exit">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
|
||||
@ -26,7 +173,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"os\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' defer fmt.Println(\"!\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' os.Exit(3)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
218
public/file-paths
generated
218
public/file-paths
generated
@ -23,6 +23,222 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="file-paths">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Пути к файлам (File Paths)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Пакет <code>filepath</code> предоставляет функции для разбора и
|
||||
создания <em>путей к файлам</em> способом, который переносим
|
||||
между операционными системами; например, <code>dir/file</code> в
|
||||
Linux против <code>dir\file</code> в Windows.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/6VDVplbM_Sk" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"path/filepath"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"strings"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Join</code> должен использоваться для создания путей в
|
||||
переносимом виде. Он принимает любое количество
|
||||
аргументов и строит из них иерархический путь.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">p</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"dir1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"dir2"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"filename"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"p:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вы должны всегда использовать <code>Join</code> вместо ручного
|
||||
объединения с помощью слешей <code>/</code> или <code>\</code>. В дополнение
|
||||
к обеспечению переносимости, <code>Join</code> также нормализует
|
||||
пути, удаляя лишние разделители.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"dir1//"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"filename"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"dir1/../dir1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"filename"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Dir</code> и <code>Base</code> могут использоваться для разделения
|
||||
пути к каталогу и файлу. В качестве альтернативы,
|
||||
<code>Split</code> вернет оба в одном вызове.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Dir(p):"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Base(p):"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Base</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Можно проверить является ли путь абсолютным.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsAbs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"dir/file"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">IsAbs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/dir/file"</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">filename</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="s">"config.json"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Некоторые имена файлов имеют расширения, следующие
|
||||
за точкой. Мы можем получить расширение из таких
|
||||
имен с помощью <code>Ext</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">ext</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Ext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ext</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы найти имя файла с удаленным расширением,
|
||||
используйте <code>strings.TrimSuffix</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">TrimSuffix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">ext</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Rel</code> находит относительный путь между двумя путями
|
||||
<em>base</em> и <em>target</em>. Возвращает ошибку, если <em>target</em>
|
||||
не может быть получен из <em>base</em>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Rel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"a/b"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"a/b/t/file"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">filepath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Rel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"a/b"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"a/c/t/file"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">rel</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run file-paths.go
|
||||
<span class="go">p: dir1/dir2/filename</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">dir1/filename</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">dir1/filename</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">Dir(p): dir1/dir2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">Base(p): filename</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">true</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">.json</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">config</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">t/file</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">../c/t/file</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="directories">Директории (Directories)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +250,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"path/filepath\"\u000A \"strings\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' p := filepath.Join(\"dir1\", \"dir2\", \"filename\")\u000A fmt.Println(\"p:\", p)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(filepath.Join(\"dir1//\", \"filename\"))\u000A fmt.Println(filepath.Join(\"dir1/../dir1\", \"filename\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"Dir(p):\", filepath.Dir(p))\u000A fmt.Println(\"Base(p):\", filepath.Base(p))\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(filepath.IsAbs(\"dir/file\"))\u000A fmt.Println(filepath.IsAbs(\"/dir/file\"))\u000A');codeLines.push(' filename := \"config.json\"\u000A');codeLines.push(' ext := filepath.Ext(filename)\u000A fmt.Println(ext)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(strings.TrimSuffix(filename, ext))\u000A');codeLines.push(' rel, err := filepath.Rel(\"a/b\", \"a/b/t/file\")\u000A if err != nil {\u000A panic(err)\u000A }\u000A fmt.Println(rel)\u000A');codeLines.push(' rel, err = filepath.Rel(\"a/b\", \"a/c/t/file\")\u000A if err != nil {\u000A panic(err)\u000A }\u000A fmt.Println(rel)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
163
public/for
generated
163
public/for
generated
@ -23,6 +23,167 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="for">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Цикл For</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>for</code> - это единственный цикл доступный в Go.
|
||||
Три стандартных примера использования <code>for</code></p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/Fv7uI0y_EWr" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Стандартный тип с единственным условием</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Классическая инициализация/условие/выражение после <code>for</code></p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>for</code> без условия будет выполняться бесконечно
|
||||
пока не выполнится <code>break</code> (выход из цикла) или
|
||||
<code>return</code>, который завершит функцию с циклом</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"loop"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">break</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Так же Вы можете использовать <code>continue</code> для
|
||||
немедленного перехода к следующей итерации цикла</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">n</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">n</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">continue</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run <span class="k">for</span>.go
|
||||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">7</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">8</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">9</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">loop</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">5</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>We’ll see some other <code>for</code> forms later when we look at
|
||||
<code>range</code> statements, channels, and other data
|
||||
structures.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="if-else">If/Else</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +195,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' i := 1\u000A for i \x3C= 3 {\u000A fmt.Println(i)\u000A i = i + 1\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' for j := 7; j \x3C= 9; j++ {\u000A fmt.Println(j)\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' for {\u000A fmt.Println(\"loop\")\u000A break\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' for n := 0; n \x3C= 5; n++ {\u000A if n%2 == 0 {\u000A continue\u000A }\u000A fmt.Println(n)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
162
public/functions
generated
162
public/functions
generated
@ -23,6 +23,166 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="functions">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Функции (Functions)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><em>Функции</em> это сердце языка Go. Мы посмотрим
|
||||
использование функций на нескольих примерах.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/4sH5Tv_SBoU" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Эта функция принимает в качестве аргументов
|
||||
два целых числа и возвращает их сумму, так
|
||||
же с типом целое число.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">plus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go требует явного указания типа возвращаемого
|
||||
значение, то есть он не будет автоматически
|
||||
возвращать значение последнего выражения.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">b</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если функция принимает несколько аргументов с
|
||||
одинаковым типом, то вы можете перечислить аргументы
|
||||
через запятую и указать тип один раз.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">plusPlus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">c</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вызов функции осуществялется через запись
|
||||
<code>функция(аргументы)</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">res</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">plus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"1+2 ="</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">res</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">plusPlus</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"1+2+3 ="</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run functions.go
|
||||
<span class="go">1+2 = 3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">1+2+3 = 6</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Есть несколько других особенностей для функций в Go.
|
||||
Одной из них является возможнсоть возврата нескольких
|
||||
значений, которые мы рассмотрим далее.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="multiple-return-values">Функции с множественным возвратом (Multiple Return Values)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +194,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func plus(a int, b int) int {\u000A');codeLines.push(' return a + b\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func plusPlus(a, b, c int) int {\u000A return a + b + c\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' res := plus(1, 2)\u000A fmt.Println(\"1+2 =\", res)\u000A');codeLines.push(' res = plusPlus(1, 2, 3)\u000A fmt.Println(\"1+2+3 =\", res)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
175
public/goroutines
generated
175
public/goroutines
generated
@ -23,6 +23,179 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="goroutines">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Горутины (Goroutines)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><em>Горутины</em> - это легковесный тред.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/79i2V9dLU15" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"time"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">from</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">":"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Предположим, у нас есть вызов функции <code>f(s)</code>. Вот
|
||||
как мы бы вызвали её обычным способом, запустив
|
||||
синхронно.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"direct"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы вызвать эту функцию в горутине, используйте
|
||||
<code>go f(s)</code>. Эта новая горутина будет выполняться
|
||||
одновременно с вызывающей фукнцией.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="nx">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"goroutine"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вы так же можете вызывать анонимные функции в
|
||||
горутнах.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">msg</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}(</span><span class="s">"going"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Наши две функции теперь выполняются асинхронно в
|
||||
отдельных горутинах. Дождитесь их окончания (для
|
||||
более надежного подхода используйте <a href="waitgroups">WaitGroup</a>).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"done"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Когда мы запускаем эту программу, мы видим сначала
|
||||
вывод блокирующего вызова, а затем чередующийся вывод
|
||||
двух горутин. Это чередование отражает выполнение
|
||||
горутин, одновременно выполняемых средой выполнения Go.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run goroutines.go
|
||||
<span class="go">direct : 0</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">direct : 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">direct : 2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">goroutine : 0</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">going</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">goroutine : 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">goroutine : 2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">done</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Далее мы рассмотрим дополнение к горутинам в
|
||||
параллельных программах Go: каналы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="channels">Каналы (Channels)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +207,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"time\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func f(from string) {\u000A for i := 0; i \x3C 3; i++ {\u000A fmt.Println(from, \":\", i)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' f(\"direct\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' go f(\"goroutine\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' go func(msg string) {\u000A fmt.Println(msg)\u000A }(\"going\")\u000A');codeLines.push(' time.Sleep(time.Second)\u000A fmt.Println(\"done\")\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
41
public/http
generated
41
public/http
generated
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||
<title>Go в примерах: HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)</title>
|
||||
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
onkeydown = (e) => {
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'http';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'spawning-processes';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div class="example" id="http">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="spawning-processes">Порождающие процессы (Spawning Processes)</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/http">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
175
public/http-clients
generated
Normal file
175
public/http-clients
generated
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||
<title>Go в примерах: HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)</title>
|
||||
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
onkeydown = (e) => {
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'environment-variables';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'http-servers';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div class="example" id="http-clients">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Стандартная библиотека Go поставляется с отличной
|
||||
поддержкой клиентов и серверов HTTP в пакете <code>net/http</code>.
|
||||
В этом примере мы будем использовать его для
|
||||
простых HTTP-запросов.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/8Z80D4rlbaE" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"bufio"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"net/http"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Отправьте HTTP-запрос GET на сервер. <code>http.Get</code> - это
|
||||
удобный способ создания объекта <code>http.Client</code> и вызова
|
||||
его метода <code>Get</code>; он использует объект <code>http.DefaultClient</code>,
|
||||
который имеет полезные настройки по умолчанию.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"http://gobyexample.com"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">defer</span> <span class="nx">resp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Body</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Close</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Выведем статус http-ответа.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Response status:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">resp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Status</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Выведем первые 5 строк тела ответа.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">scanner</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">bufio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewScanner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">resp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Body</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">scanner</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Scan</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">scanner</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Text</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">scanner</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Err</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nb">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run http-clients.go
|
||||
<span class="go">Response status: 200 OK</span>
|
||||
<span class="go"><!DOCTYPE html></span>
|
||||
<span class="go"><html></span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> <head></span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> <meta charset="utf-8"></span>
|
||||
<span class="go"> <title>Go by Example</title></span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="http-servers">HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/http-clients">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"bufio\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"net/http\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' resp, err := http.Get(\"http://gobyexample.com\")\u000A if err != nil {\u000A panic(err)\u000A }\u000A defer resp.Body.Close()\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"Response status:\", resp.Status)\u000A');codeLines.push(' scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resp.Body)\u000A for i := 0; scanner.Scan() && i \x3C 5; i++ {\u000A fmt.Println(scanner.Text())\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {\u000A panic(err)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
218
public/http-servers
generated
Normal file
218
public/http-servers
generated
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||||
<title>Go в примерах: HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)</title>
|
||||
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
onkeydown = (e) => {
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'http-clients';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
|
||||
window.location.href = 'spawning-processes';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<div class="example" id="http-servers">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Написание базового HTTP сервера очень легкореализуемо
|
||||
с пакетом <code>net/http</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/xndCIK5Wo-Y" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"net/http"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Фундаментальная концепция серверов <code>net/http</code> - это
|
||||
<em>обработчики</em>. Обработчик - это объект, реализующий
|
||||
интерфейс <code>http.Handler</code>. Распространенным способом
|
||||
написания обработчика является использование адаптера
|
||||
<code>http.HandlerFunc</code> для функций с соответствующей
|
||||
подписью.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">hello</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span> <span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ResponseWriter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">req</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Request</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Функции, выполняющие функции обработчиков, принимают
|
||||
в качестве аргументов <code>http.ResponseWriter</code> и
|
||||
<code>http.Request</code>. Response writer используется для
|
||||
наполнения HTTP-ответа. Здесь наш простой ответ
|
||||
“hello\n”.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"hello\n"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">headers</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span> <span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ResponseWriter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">req</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Request</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Этот обработчик делает что-то более сложное,
|
||||
читая все заголовки HTTP-запроса и вставляя их в
|
||||
тело ответа.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">headers</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">req</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Header</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">h</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">headers</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Fprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"%v: %v\n"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">h</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы регистрируем наши обработчики на сервере,
|
||||
используя удобную функцию <code>http.HandleFunc</code>. Она
|
||||
устанавливает <em>маршрут по умолчанию</em> в пакете
|
||||
<code>net/http</code> и принимает функцию в качестве аргумента.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HandleFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/hello"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">hello</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">HandleFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/headers"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">headers</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Наконец, мы вызываем <code>ListenAndServe</code> с портом и
|
||||
обработчиком. nil говорит использовать только что
|
||||
настроенный маршрутизатор по умолчанию.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">http</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ListenAndServe</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">":8090"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Запускаем сервер в фоне.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run http-servers.go <span class="p">&</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Делаем запрос по адресу <code>/hello</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> curl localhost:8090/hello
|
||||
<span class="go">hello</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="spawning-processes">Порождающие процессы (Spawning Processes)</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/http-servers">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"net/http\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func hello(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Fprintf(w, \"hello\\n\")\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func headers(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {\u000A');codeLines.push(' for name, headers := range req.Header {\u000A for _, h := range headers {\u000A fmt.Fprintf(w, \"%v: %v\\n\", name, h)\u000A }\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' http.HandleFunc(\"/hello\", hello)\u000A http.HandleFunc(\"/headers\", headers)\u000A');codeLines.push(' http.ListenAndServe(\":8090\", nil)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
128
public/index.html
generated
128
public/index.html
generated
@ -25,151 +25,151 @@
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="hello-world">Hello World</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="типы-данных-(values)">Типы данных (Values)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="values">Типы данных (Values)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="переменные-(variables)">Переменные (Variables)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="variables">Переменные (Variables)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="константы-(constants)">Константы (Constants)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="constants">Константы (Constants)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="цикл-for">Цикл For</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="for">Цикл For</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="if-else">If/Else</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="switch">Switch</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="массивы-(arrays)">Массивы (Arrays)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="arrays">Массивы (Arrays)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="срезы-(slices)">Срезы (Slices)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="slices">Срезы (Slices)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="карты-(maps)">Карты (Maps)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="maps">Карты (Maps)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="ряд-(range)">Ряд (Range)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="range">Ряд (Range)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="функции-(functions)">Функции (Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="functions">Функции (Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="функции-с-множественным-возвратом-(multiple-return-values)">Функции с множественным возвратом (Multiple Return Values)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="multiple-return-values">Функции с множественным возвратом (Multiple Return Values)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="функции-с-переменным-числом-аргументов-(variadic-functions)">Функции с переменным числом аргументов (Variadic Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="variadic-functions">Функции с переменным числом аргументов (Variadic Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="замыкания-(closures)">Замыкания (Closures)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="closures">Замыкания (Closures)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="рекурсия-(recursion)">Рекурсия (Recursion)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="recursion">Рекурсия (Recursion)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="указатели-(pointers)">Указатели (Pointers)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="pointers">Указатели (Pointers)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="структуры-(structs)">Структуры (Structs)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="structs">Структуры (Structs)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="методы-(methods)">Методы (Methods)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="methods">Методы (Methods)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="интерфейсы-(interfaces)">Интерфейсы (Interfaces)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="interfaces">Интерфейсы (Interfaces)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="ошибки-(errors)">Ошибки (Errors)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="errors">Ошибки (Errors)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="горутины-(goroutines)">Горутины (Goroutines)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="goroutines">Горутины (Goroutines)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="каналы-(channels)">Каналы (Channels)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="channels">Каналы (Channels)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="буферизированный-канал-(channel-buffering)">Буферизированный канал (Channel Buffering)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="channel-buffering">Буферизированный канал (Channel Buffering)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="синхронизация-канала-(channel-synchronization)">Синхронизация канала (Channel Synchronization)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="channel-synchronization">Синхронизация канала (Channel Synchronization)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="направления-канала-(channel-directions)">Направления канала (Channel Directions)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="channel-directions">Направления канала (Channel Directions)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="select">Select</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="тайм-ауты-(timeouts)">Тайм-ауты (Timeouts)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="timeouts">Тайм-ауты (Timeouts)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="неблокируемые-операции-в-каналах-(non-blocking-channel-operations)">Неблокируемые операции в каналах (Non-Blocking Channel Operations)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="non-blocking-channel-operations">Неблокируемые операции в каналах (Non-Blocking Channel Operations)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="закрытие-каналов-(closing-channels)">Закрытие каналов (Closing Channels)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="closing-channels">Закрытие каналов (Closing Channels)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="перебор-значений-из-каналов-(range-over-channels)">Перебор значений из каналов (Range over Channels)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="range-over-channels">Перебор значений из каналов (Range over Channels)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="таймеры-(timers)">Таймеры (Timers)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="timers">Таймеры (Timers)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="тикеры-(повторения)-(tickers)">Тикеры (повторения) (Tickers)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="tickers">Тикеры (повторения) (Tickers)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="пулы-воркеров-(worker-pools)">Пулы воркеров (Worker Pools)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="worker-pools">Пулы воркеров (Worker Pools)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="waitgroups">WaitGroups</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="ограничение-скорости-(rate-limiting)">Ограничение скорости (Rate Limiting)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="rate-limiting">Ограничение скорости (Rate Limiting)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="атомарные-счетчики-(atomic-counters)">Атомарные счетчики (Atomic Counters)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="atomic-counters">Атомарные счетчики (Atomic Counters)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="мьютексы-(mutexes)">Мьютексы (Mutexes)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="mutexes">Мьютексы (Mutexes)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="управление-состоянием-горутин-(stateful-goroutines)">Управление состоянием горутин (Stateful Goroutines)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="stateful-goroutines">Управление состоянием горутин (Stateful Goroutines)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="сортировка-(sorting)">Сортировка (Sorting)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="sorting">Сортировка (Sorting)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="сортировка-через-функции-(sorting-by-functions)">Сортировка через функции (Sorting by Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="sorting-by-functions">Сортировка через функции (Sorting by Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="panic">Panic</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="defer">Defer</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="функции-коллекции-(collection-functions)">Функции коллекции (Collection Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="collection-functions">Функции коллекции (Collection Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="строковые-функции-(string-functions)">Строковые функции (String Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="string-functions">Строковые функции (String Functions)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="форматирование-строк-(string-formatting)">Форматирование строк (String Formatting)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="string-formatting">Форматирование строк (String Formatting)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="регулярные-выражения-(regular-expressions)">Регулярные выражения (Regular Expressions)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="regular-expressions">Регулярные выражения (Regular Expressions)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="json">JSON</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="xml">XML</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="время-(time)">Время (Time)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="time">Время (Time)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="epoch">Epoch</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="форматирование-времени-(time-formatting-parsing)">Форматирование времени (Time Formatting / Parsing)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="time-formatting-parsing">Форматирование времени (Time Formatting / Parsing)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="случайные-числа-(random-numbers)">Случайные числа (Random Numbers)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="random-numbers">Случайные числа (Random Numbers)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="парсинг-чисел-(number-parsing)">Парсинг чисел (Number Parsing)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="number-parsing">Парсинг чисел (Number Parsing)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="парсинг-url-(url-parsing)">Парсинг URL (URL Parsing)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="url-parsing">Парсинг URL (URL Parsing)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="хеш-sha1-(sha1-hashes)">Хеш SHA1 (SHA1 Hashes)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="sha1-hashes">Хеш SHA1 (SHA1 Hashes)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="кодирование-base64-(base64-encoding)">Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="base64-encoding">Кодирование Base64 (Base64 Encoding)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="чтение-файлов-(reading-files)">Чтение файлов (Reading Files)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="reading-files">Чтение файлов (Reading Files)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="запись-файлов-(writing-files)">Запись файлов (Writing Files)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="writing-files">Запись файлов (Writing Files)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="строковые-фильтры-(line-filters)">Строковые фильтры (Line Filters)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="line-filters">Строковые фильтры (Line Filters)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="пути-к-файлам-(file-paths)">Пути к файлам (File Paths)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="file-paths">Пути к файлам (File Paths)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="директории-(directories)">Директории (Directories)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="directories">Директории (Directories)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="временные-файлы-и-директории-(temporary-files-and-directories)">Временные файлы и директории (Temporary Files and Directories)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="temporary-files-and-directories">Временные файлы и директории (Temporary Files and Directories)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="тестирование-(testing)">Тестирование (Testing)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="testing">Тестирование (Testing)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="аргументы-командной-строки-(command-line-arguments)">Аргументы командной строки (Command-Line Arguments)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="command-line-arguments">Аргументы командной строки (Command-Line Arguments)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="флаги-командной-строки-(command-line-flags)">Флаги командной строки (Command-Line Flags)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="command-line-flags">Флаги командной строки (Command-Line Flags)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="подкоманды-командной-строки-(command-line-subcommands)">Подкоманды командной строки (Command-Line Subcommands)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="command-line-subcommands">Подкоманды командной строки (Command-Line Subcommands)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="переменные-среды-(environment-variables)">Переменные среды (Environment Variables)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="environment-variables">Переменные среды (Environment Variables)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="http-клиенты-(http-clients)">HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http-clients">HTTP клиенты (HTTP Clients)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="http-серверы-(http-servers)">HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="http-servers">HTTP серверы (HTTP Servers)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="порождающие-процессы-(spawning-processes)">Порождающие процессы (Spawning Processes)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="spawning-processes">Порождающие процессы (Spawning Processes)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="исполняющие-процессы-(execing-processes)">Исполняющие процессы (Exec'ing Processes)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="execing-processes">Исполняющие процессы (Exec'ing Processes)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="сигналы-(signals)">Сигналы (Signals)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="signals">Сигналы (Signals)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><a href="выход-(exit)">Выход (Exit)</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="exit">Выход (Exit)</a></li>
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p class="footer">
|
||||
|
||||
203
public/interfaces
generated
203
public/interfaces
generated
@ -23,6 +23,207 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="interfaces">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Интерфейсы (Interfaces)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><em>Интерфейсы</em> это коллекции методов.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/bS2bkTzP8cG" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"math"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Пример базового интерфейса в Go</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">geometry</span> <span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В нашем примере мы будем реализовывать этот интерфейс
|
||||
для типов <code>rect</code> и <code>circle</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">rect</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span> <span class="kt">float64</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">circle</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">radius</span> <span class="kt">float64</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы реализовать интерфейс на Go, нам просто нужно
|
||||
реализовать все методы в интерфейсе. Здесь мы
|
||||
реализуем интерфейс <code>geometry</code> для <code>rect</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Реализация для <code>circle</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">c</span> <span class="nx">circle</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pi</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">radius</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">radius</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">c</span> <span class="nx">circle</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">float64</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Pi</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">radius</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если переменная реализует интерфейс, то мы можем
|
||||
вызывать методы, которые находятся в этом интерфейсе.
|
||||
Функция <code>measure</code> использует это преимущество, для
|
||||
работы с любой фигурой.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">measure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">g</span> <span class="nx">geometry</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">g</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">g</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">g</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">c</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">circle</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">radius</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Типы <code>circle</code> и <code>rect</code> структур реализуют
|
||||
интерфейс <code>geometry</code>, поэтому мы можем использовать
|
||||
экземпляры этих структур в качестве аргументов для
|
||||
<code>measure</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">measure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">measure</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run interfaces.go
|
||||
<span class="go">{3 4}</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">12</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">14</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">{5}</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">78.53981633974483</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">31.41592653589793</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы узнать больше об интерфейсах Go, ознакомьтесь с
|
||||
<a href="http://jordanorelli.tumblr.com/post/32665860244/how-to-use-interfaces-in-go">этой статьей</a>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="errors">Ошибки (Errors)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +235,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"math\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('type geometry interface {\u000A area() float64\u000A perim() float64\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('type rect struct {\u000A width, height float64\u000A}\u000Atype circle struct {\u000A radius float64\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func (r rect) area() float64 {\u000A return r.width * r.height\u000A}\u000Afunc (r rect) perim() float64 {\u000A return 2*r.width + 2*r.height\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func (c circle) area() float64 {\u000A return math.Pi * c.radius * c.radius\u000A}\u000Afunc (c circle) perim() float64 {\u000A return 2 * math.Pi * c.radius\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func measure(g geometry) {\u000A fmt.Println(g)\u000A fmt.Println(g.area())\u000A fmt.Println(g.perim())\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A r := rect{width: 3, height: 4}\u000A c := circle{radius: 5}\u000A');codeLines.push(' measure(r)\u000A measure(c)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
175
public/line-filters
generated
175
public/line-filters
generated
@ -23,6 +23,179 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="line-filters">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Строковые фильтры (Line Filters)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><em>Строковый фильтр</em> - это типичный тип программы,
|
||||
которая читает входные данные в stdin, обрабатывает
|
||||
их и затем выводит некоторый производный результат в
|
||||
стандартный вывод. <code>grep</code> и <code>sed</code> - это обычные строковые
|
||||
фильтры.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вот пример строкового фильтра в Go, который записывает
|
||||
заглавную версию всего входного текста. Вы можете
|
||||
использовать этот шаблон для написания ваших собственных
|
||||
фильтров Go.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/dLiHA3PDCFp" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"bufio"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"os"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"strings"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обертывание небуферизованного <code>os.Stdin</code> буферизованным
|
||||
сканером дает нам удобный метод сканирования <code>Scan</code>,
|
||||
который продвигает сканер к следующему токену; который
|
||||
является следующей строкой в сканере по умолчанию.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">scanner</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">bufio</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">NewScanner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Stdin</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p><code>Text</code> возвращает текущий токен, из ввода - на
|
||||
следующую строку.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">scanner</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Scan</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">ucl</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">ToUpper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">scanner</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Text</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Печатает в верхнем регистре.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">ucl</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Проверяем ошибки для <code>Scan</code>. Ожидается конец файла,
|
||||
и он не сообщается методом <code>Scan</code> как ошибка.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">scanner</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Err</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="nx">err</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="kc">nil</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Fprintln</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"error:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">err</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Чтобы опробовать наш фильтр строк, сначала создайте
|
||||
файл с несколькими строчными строчками.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'hello'</span> > /tmp/lines
|
||||
<span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'filter'</span> >> /tmp/lines
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Затем используйте фильтр строк, чтобы получить строчные
|
||||
буквы.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> cat /tmp/lines <span class="p">|</span> go run line-filters.go
|
||||
<span class="go">HELLO</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">FILTER</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="file-paths">Пути к файлам (File Paths)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +207,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"bufio\"\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"os\"\u000A \"strings\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)\u000A');codeLines.push(' for scanner.Scan() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' ucl := strings.ToUpper(scanner.Text())\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(ucl)\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {\u000A fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"error:\", err)\u000A os.Exit(1)\u000A }\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
200
public/maps
generated
200
public/maps
generated
@ -23,6 +23,204 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="maps">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Карты (Maps)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Карты - это встроенный <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array">ассоциативный тип данных</a>
|
||||
Go (иногда называемый <em>хешами</em>).</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/HjBZNUEcF_e" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для создания пустой карты, используйте <code>make</code>:
|
||||
<code>make(map[key-type]val-type)</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">m</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вы можете установить пару ключ/значение
|
||||
используя привычный синтаксис <code>name[key] = val</code></p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"k1"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"k2"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">13</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вывод карты на экран с помощью <code>fmt.Println</code>
|
||||
выведет все пары ключ/значение</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"map:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Получить значение по ключу <code>name[key]</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">v1</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"k1"</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"v1: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">v1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Встроенная функция <code>len</code> возвращает количество
|
||||
пар ключ/значение для карты.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"len:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Встроенная функция <code>delete</code> удаляет пару key/value
|
||||
из карты.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nb">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"k2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"map:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Необязательное второе возвращаемое значение
|
||||
из карты сообщает о том, существовал ли ключ в карте.
|
||||
Это может быть использовано для устранения
|
||||
неоднозначности между отсутствующими ключами и
|
||||
ключами с нулевыми значениями, такими как 0 или
|
||||
“”. Здесь нам не нужно само значение, поэтому
|
||||
мы проигнорировали его с пустым идентификатором _.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">prs</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"k2"</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"prs:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">prs</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вы можете объявить и наполнить карту в одной
|
||||
строке с помощью подобного синтаксиса.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">n</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s">"foo"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"bar"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"map:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Обратите внимание, что карты отображаются в виде
|
||||
<code>map[k:v k:v]</code>при печати с помощью <code>fmt.Println</code></p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run maps.go
|
||||
<span class="go">map: map[k1:7 k2:13]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">v1: 7</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">len: 2</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">map: map[k1:7]</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">prs: false</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">map: map[bar:2 foo:1]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="range">Ряд (Range)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +232,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' m := make(map[string]int)\u000A');codeLines.push(' m[\"k1\"] = 7\u000A m[\"k2\"] = 13\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"map:\", m)\u000A');codeLines.push(' v1 := m[\"k1\"]\u000A fmt.Println(\"v1: \", v1)\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"len:\", len(m))\u000A');codeLines.push(' delete(m, \"k2\")\u000A fmt.Println(\"map:\", m)\u000A');codeLines.push(' _, prs := m[\"k2\"]\u000A fmt.Println(\"prs:\", prs)\u000A');codeLines.push(' n := map[string]int{\"foo\": 1, \"bar\": 2}\u000A fmt.Println(\"map:\", n)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
166
public/methods
generated
166
public/methods
generated
@ -23,6 +23,170 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="methods">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Методы (Methods)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go поддерживает <em>методы</em> для структур</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/qfALObNYETK" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">rect</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Метод <code>area</code> принимает <em>получателя</em> <code>*rect</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Методы могут принимать как указатели, так и значения.
|
||||
Вот пример со значением.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">r</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">width</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rect</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Вызываем 2 метода, определенные для нашей структуры.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"area: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"perim:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go автоматически обрабатывает преобразование между
|
||||
значениями и указателями при вызове методов.
|
||||
Возможно, вы захотите использовать указатель в
|
||||
качестве получателя, чтобы избежать копирования при вызове
|
||||
метода или позволить методу изменять структуру
|
||||
получателя.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">rp</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">r</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"area: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">rp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">area</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"perim:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">rp</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">perim</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run methods.go
|
||||
<span class="go">area: 50</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">perim: 30</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">area: 50</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">perim: 30</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Далее мы рассмотрим механизм Go для группировки
|
||||
и именования связанных наборов методов: интерфейсов.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="interfaces">Интерфейсы (Interfaces)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +198,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('type rect struct {\u000A width, height int\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func (r *rect) area() int {\u000A return r.width * r.height\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func (r rect) perim() int {\u000A return 2*r.width + 2*r.height\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A r := rect{width: 10, height: 5}\u000A');codeLines.push(' fmt.Println(\"area: \", r.area())\u000A fmt.Println(\"perim:\", r.perim())\u000A');codeLines.push(' rp := &r\u000A fmt.Println(\"area: \", rp.area())\u000A fmt.Println(\"perim:\", rp.perim())\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
137
public/multiple-return-values
generated
137
public/multiple-return-values
generated
@ -23,6 +23,141 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="multiple-return-values">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Функции с множественным возвратом (Multiple Return Values)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Go имеет встроенную поддержку <em>нескольких возвращаемых
|
||||
значений</em>. Эта особенность часто применяется в Go,
|
||||
например, для возврата результата функции и ошибки.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/6Khmls9Dsin" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Запись <code>(int, int)</code> в описании этой функции, говорит о
|
||||
том, что функция возвращает два целых числа.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">vals</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Здесь функция возвращает два разных значения и
|
||||
присваивает их переменным <code>a,b</code>. Это называется
|
||||
<em>множественное присваивание</em>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">vals</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Если вы хотите получить не все значения, возвращаемые
|
||||
функцией, то можно поспользоваться пустым
|
||||
идентификатором <code>_</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">vals</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run multiple-return-values.go
|
||||
<span class="go">3</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">7</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">7</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Принятие переменного количества аргументов -
|
||||
еще одна приятная особенность функций Go;
|
||||
Рассмотрим это дальше.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="variadic-functions">Функции с переменным числом аргументов (Variadic Functions)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +169,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import \"fmt\"\u000A');codeLines.push('func vals() (int, int) {\u000A return 3, 7\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' a, b := vals()\u000A fmt.Println(a)\u000A fmt.Println(b)\u000A');codeLines.push(' _, c := vals()\u000A fmt.Println(c)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
266
public/mutexes
generated
266
public/mutexes
generated
@ -23,6 +23,270 @@
|
||||
<div class="example" id="mutexes">
|
||||
<h2><a href="./">Go в примерах</a>: Мьютексы (Mutexes)</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>В предыдущем примере мы увидели, как управлять простым
|
||||
состоянием счетчика с помощью <a href="atomic-counters">атомарных операций</a>.
|
||||
Для более сложного состояния мы можем использовать <em>мьютекс(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_exclusion">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_exclusion</a>)</em>
|
||||
для безопасного доступа к данным в нескольких горутинах.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty leading">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
<a href="http://play.golang.org/p/USO1aTX_xMe" target="_blank"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"math/rand"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"sync"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"sync/atomic"</span>
|
||||
<span class="s">"time"</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для нашего примера <code>state</code> будет картой.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">state</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Этот <code>mutex</code> будет синхронизировать доступ к <code>state</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">mutex</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">sync</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Mutex</span><span class="p">{}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Мы будем отслеживать, сколько операций чтения и
|
||||
записи мы выполняем.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">readOps</span> <span class="kt">uint64</span>
|
||||
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">writeOps</span> <span class="kt">uint64</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Здесь мы запускаем 100 горутин для выполнения
|
||||
повторных операций чтения по состоянию, один раз
|
||||
в миллисекунду в каждой горутине.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">r</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">total</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Для каждого чтения мы выбираем ключ для
|
||||
доступа, блокируем <code>mutex</code> с помощью <code>Lock()</code> ,
|
||||
чтобы обеспечить исключительный доступ к
|
||||
<code>состоянию</code>, читаем значение в выбранном ключе,
|
||||
разблокируем мьютекс <code>Unlock()</code> и увеличиваем
|
||||
количество <code>readOps</code>.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">key</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Lock</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">total</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unlock</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">AddUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">readOps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Немного ждем между чтениями.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Millisecond</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}()</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Запустим так же 10 горутин для симуляции записи,
|
||||
так же как мы делали для чтения.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">key</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">val</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Lock</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">val</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unlock</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">AddUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">writeOps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Millisecond</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}()</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Пусть 10 горутин работают над <code>состоянием</code> и
|
||||
<code>мьютексом</code> на секунду.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Смотрим финальное количество операций</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">readOpsFinal</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LoadUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">readOps</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"readOps:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">readOpsFinal</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">writeOpsFinal</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">LoadUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">writeOps</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"writeOps:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">writeOpsFinal</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>С окончательной блокировкой <code>состояния</code> смотрим,
|
||||
как все закончилось.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Lock</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"state:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||||
<span class="nx">mutex</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Unlock</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Запуск программы показывает, что мы выполнили
|
||||
около 90000 операций в нашем синхронизированном
|
||||
с <code>мьютексом</code>состоянии.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code leading">
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run mutexes.go
|
||||
<span class="go">readOps: 83285</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">writeOps: 8320</span>
|
||||
<span class="go">state: map[1:97 4:53 0:33 2:15 3:2]</span>
|
||||
</pre></div>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td class="docs">
|
||||
<p>Далее мы рассмотрим реализацию той же задачи управления
|
||||
состоянием с использованием только горутин и каналов.</p>
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td class="code empty">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<p class="next">
|
||||
Следующий пример: <a href="stateful-goroutines">Управление состоянием горутин (Stateful Goroutines)</a>.
|
||||
@ -34,7 +298,7 @@
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
var codeLines = [];
|
||||
|
||||
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"math/rand\"\u000A \"sync\"\u000A \"sync/atomic\"\u000A \"time\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' var state = make(map[int]int)\u000A');codeLines.push(' var mutex = &sync.Mutex{}\u000A');codeLines.push(' var readOps uint64\u000A var writeOps uint64\u000A');codeLines.push(' for r := 0; r \x3C 100; r++ {\u000A go func() {\u000A total := 0\u000A for {\u000A');codeLines.push(' key := rand.Intn(5)\u000A mutex.Lock()\u000A total += state[key]\u000A mutex.Unlock()\u000A atomic.AddUint64(&readOps, 1)\u000A');codeLines.push(' time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\u000A }\u000A }()\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' for w := 0; w \x3C 10; w++ {\u000A go func() {\u000A for {\u000A key := rand.Intn(5)\u000A val := rand.Intn(100)\u000A mutex.Lock()\u000A state[key] = val\u000A mutex.Unlock()\u000A atomic.AddUint64(&writeOps, 1)\u000A time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\u000A }\u000A }()\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' time.Sleep(time.Second)\u000A');codeLines.push(' readOpsFinal := atomic.LoadUint64(&readOps)\u000A fmt.Println(\"readOps:\", readOpsFinal)\u000A writeOpsFinal := atomic.LoadUint64(&writeOps)\u000A fmt.Println(\"writeOps:\", writeOpsFinal)\u000A');codeLines.push(' mutex.Lock()\u000A fmt.Println(\"state:\", state)\u000A mutex.Unlock()\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
<script src="site.js" async></script>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user